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PHP 8.4.1 Released!
Getting Started
Introduction
A simple tutorial
Language Reference
Basic syntax
Types
Variables
Constants
Expressions
Operators
Control Structures
Functions
Classes and Objects
Namespaces
Enumerations
Errors
Exceptions
Fibers
Generators
Attributes
References Explained
Predefined Variables
Predefined Exceptions
Predefined Interfaces and Classes
Predefined Attributes
Context options and parameters
Supported Protocols and Wrappers
Security
Introduction
General considerations
Installed as CGI binary
Installed as an Apache module
Session Security
Filesystem Security
Database Security
Error Reporting
User Submitted Data
Hiding PHP
Keeping Current
Features
HTTP authentication with PHP
Cookies
Sessions
Handling file uploads
Using remote files
Connection handling
Persistent Database Connections
Command line usage
Garbage Collection
DTrace Dynamic Tracing
Function Reference
Affecting PHP's Behaviour
Audio Formats Manipulation
Authentication Services
Command Line Specific Extensions
Compression and Archive Extensions
Cryptography Extensions
Database Extensions
Date and Time Related Extensions
File System Related Extensions
Human Language and Character Encoding Support
Image Processing and Generation
Mail Related Extensions
Mathematical Extensions
Non-Text MIME Output
Process Control Extensions
Other Basic Extensions
Other Services
Search Engine Extensions
Server Specific Extensions
Session Extensions
Text Processing
Variable and Type Related Extensions
Web Services
Windows Only Extensions
XML Manipulation
GUI Extensions
Keyboard Shortcuts
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PHP Manual
Function Reference
Process Control Extensions
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System program execution
Introduction
Installing/Configuring
Resource Types
Program execution Functions
escapeshellarg
— Escape a string to be used as a shell argument
escapeshellcmd
— Escape shell metacharacters
exec
— Execute an external program
passthru
— Execute an external program and display raw output
proc_close
— Close a process opened by proc_open and return the exit code of that process
proc_get_status
— Get information about a process opened by proc_open
proc_nice
— Change the priority of the current process
proc_open
— Execute a command and open file pointers for input/output
proc_terminate
— Kills a process opened by proc_open
shell_exec
— Execute command via shell and return the complete output as a string
system
— Execute an external program and display the output
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