session_set_save_handler

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

session_set_save_handler — Sets user-level session storage functions

Description

session_set_save_handler(
    callable $open,
    callable $close,
    callable $read,
    callable $write,
    callable $destroy,
    callable $gc,
    callable $create_sid = ?,
    callable $validate_sid = ?,
    callable $update_timestamp = ?
): bool

It is possible to register the following prototype:

session_set_save_handler(object $sessionhandler, bool $register_shutdown = true): bool

session_set_save_handler() sets the user-level session storage functions which are used for storing and retrieving data associated with a session. This is most useful when a storage method other than those supplied by PHP sessions is preferred, e.g. storing the session data in a local database.

Parameters

This function has two prototypes.

sessionhandler: An instance of a class implementing SessionHandlerInterface, and optionally SessionIdInterface and/or SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface, such as SessionHandler, to register as the session handler.
register_shutdown: Register session_write_close() as a register_shutdown_function() function.

open

A callable with the following signature:

open(string $savePath, string $sessionName): bool

The open callback works like a constructor in classes and is executed when the session is being opened. It is the first callback function executed when the session is started automatically or manually with session_start(). Return value is true for success, false for failure.

close

A callable with the following signature:

close(): bool

The close callback works like a destructor in classes and is executed after the session write callback has been called. It is also invoked when session_write_close() is called. Return value should be true for success, false for failure.

read

A callable with the following signature:

read(string $sessionId): string

The read callback must always return a session encoded (serialized) string, or an empty string if there is no data to read.

This callback is called internally by PHP when the session starts or when session_start() is called. Before this callback is invoked PHP will invoke the open callback.

The value this callback returns must be in exactly the same serialized format that was originally passed for storage to the write callback. The value returned will be unserialized automatically by PHP and used to populate the $_SESSION superglobal. While the data looks similar to serialize() please note it is a different format which is specified in the session.serialize_handler ini setting.

write

A callable with the following signature:

write(string $sessionId, string $data): bool

The write callback is called when the session needs to be saved and closed. This callback receives the current session ID a serialized version the $_SESSION superglobal. The serialization method used internally by PHP is specified in the session.serialize_handler ini setting.

The serialized session data passed to this callback should be stored against the passed session ID. When retrieving this data, the read callback must return the exact value that was originally passed to the write callback.

This callback is invoked when PHP shuts down or explicitly when session_write_close() is called. Note that after executing this function PHP will internally execute the close callback.

Note:
The "write" handler is not executed until after the output stream is closed. Thus, output from debugging statements in the "write" handler will never be seen in the browser. If debugging output is necessary, it is suggested that the debug output be written to a file instead.

destroy

A callable with the following signature:

destroy(string $sessionId): bool

This callback is executed when a session is destroyed with session_destroy() or with session_regenerate_id() with the destroy parameter set to true. Return value should be true for success, false for failure.

gc

A callable with the following signature:

gc(int $lifetime): bool

The garbage collector callback is invoked internally by PHP periodically in order to purge old session data. The frequency is controlled by session.gc_probability and session.gc_divisor. The value of lifetime which is passed to this callback can be set in session.gc_maxlifetime. Return value should be true for success, false for failure.

create_sid

A callable with the following signature:

create_sid(): string

This callback is executed when a new session ID is required. No parameters are provided, and the return value should be a string that is a valid session ID for your handler.

validate_sid

A callable with the following signature:

validate_sid(string $key): bool

This callback is executed when a session is to be started, a session ID is supplied and session.use_strict_mode is enabled. The key is the session ID to validate. A session ID is valid, if a session with that ID already exists. The return value should be true for success, false for failure.

update_timestamp

A callable with the following signature:

update_timestamp(string $key, string $val): bool

This callback is executed when a session is updated. key is the session ID, val is the session data. The return value should be true for success, false for failure.

Return Values

Returns true on success or false on failure.

Examples

Example #1 Custom session handler: see full code in SessionHandlerInterface synopsis.

We just show the invocation here, the full example can be seen in the SessionHandlerInterface synopsis linked above.

Note we use the OOP prototype with session_set_save_handler() and register the shutdown function using the function's parameter flag. This is generally advised when registering objects as session save handlers.

<?php
class MySessionHandler implements SessionHandlerInterface
{
    // implement interfaces here
}

$handler = new MySessionHandler();
session_set_save_handler($handler, true);
session_start();

// proceed to set and retrieve values by key from $_SESSION

Notes

Warning

The write and close handlers are called after object destruction and therefore cannot use objects or throw exceptions. Exceptions are not able to be caught since will not be caught nor will any exception trace be displayed and the execution will just cease unexpectedly. The object destructors can however use sessions.

It is possible to call session_write_close() from the destructor to solve this chicken and egg problem but the most reliable way is to register the shutdown function as described above.

Warning

Current working directory is changed with some SAPIs if session is closed in the script termination. It is possible to close the session earlier with session_write_close().

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User Contributed Notes 41 notes

down

andreipa at gmail dot com ¶

9 years ago

After spend so many time to understand how PHP session works with database and unsuccessful attempts to get it right, I decided to rewrite the version from our friend stalker.

//Database
CREATE TABLE `Session` (
  `Session_Id` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `Session_Expires` datetime NOT NULL,
  `Session_Data` text COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci,
  PRIMARY KEY (`Session_Id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_unicode_ci;
SELECT * FROM mydatabase.Session;

<?php
//inc.session.php

class SysSession implements SessionHandlerInterface
{
    private $link;
    
    public function open($savePath, $sessionName)
    {
        $link = mysqli_connect("server","user","pwd","mydatabase");
        if($link){
            $this->link = $link;
            return true;
        }else{
            return false;
        }
    }
    public function close()
    {
        mysqli_close($this->link);
        return true;
    }
    public function read($id)
    {
        $result = mysqli_query($this->link,"SELECT Session_Data FROM Session WHERE Session_Id = '".$id."' AND Session_Expires > '".date('Y-m-d H:i:s')."'");
        if($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result)){
            return $row['Session_Data'];
        }else{
            return "";
        }
    }
    public function write($id, $data)
    {
        $DateTime = date('Y-m-d H:i:s');
        $NewDateTime = date('Y-m-d H:i:s',strtotime($DateTime.' + 1 hour'));
        $result = mysqli_query($this->link,"REPLACE INTO Session SET Session_Id = '".$id."', Session_Expires = '".$NewDateTime."', Session_Data = '".$data."'");
        if($result){
            return true;
        }else{
            return false;
        }
    }
    public function destroy($id)
    {
        $result = mysqli_query($this->link,"DELETE FROM Session WHERE Session_Id ='".$id."'");
        if($result){
            return true;
        }else{
            return false;
        }
    }
    public function gc($maxlifetime)
    {
        $result = mysqli_query($this->link,"DELETE FROM Session WHERE ((UNIX_TIMESTAMP(Session_Expires) + ".$maxlifetime.") < ".$maxlifetime.")");
        if($result){
            return true;
        }else{
            return false;
        }
    }
}
$handler = new SysSession();
session_set_save_handler($handler, true);
?>

<?php
//page 1
require_once('inc.session.php');

session_start();

$_SESSION['var1'] = "My Portuguese text: SOU Gaucho!";
?>

<?php
//page 2
require_once('inc.session.php');

session_start();

if(isset($_SESSION['var1']){
echo $_SESSION['var1']; 
}
//OUTPUT: My Portuguese text: SOU Gaucho!
?>

down

ohcc at 163 dot com ¶

6 years ago

What is not documented is that callables $validate_sid and $update_timestamp are supported since PHP 7.0. for the 
 prototype of "bool session_set_save_handler ( callable $open , callable $close , callable $read , callable $write , callable $destroy , callable $gc [, callable $create_sid [, callable $validate_sid [, callable $update_timestamp ]]] )".

validate_sid($sessionId)
  This callback is to validate $sessionId. Its return value should be true for valid session id $sessionId or false for invalid session id $sessionId. If false is returned, a new session id is generated to replace the invalid session id $sessionId.

update_timestamp($sessionId)
  This call back is to update timestamp, and its return value should be true for success or false for failure.

If you use this prototype, if you provide less than 6 parameters or if you provide more parameters than session_set_save_handler() accepts, you will get a "Wrong parameter count for session_set_save_handler()" warning.

If you use the OOP prototype of session_set_save_handler(SessionHandlerInterface $sessionhandler [, bool $register_shutdown = true ] ), a member method named neither validate_sid nor update_timestamp of the class of $sessionhandler are not invoked even in PHP 7.2, but a member method named create_sid is supported as of PHP 5.5.1.

It's 16th December, 2017 today, the documetation even PHP may get updated sometime afterwards.

down

peter at brandrock dot co dot za ¶

6 years ago

If saving to a database, as in the examples on this page, for performance, consider the following.

Build the Sessions table with an index on the SessionExpires column to quickly identify rows to be deleted in the garbage collection phase.

Rather do a garbage collection "delete from sessions where expiresOn < $now" on every session start/open. If you have an index on expiry time, this will not be a big hit, and evens out the load across all users. If it is possible that a large number of sessions will expire at the same time, include a "limit 100" clause, set for whatever number is reasonable, so that each user shares the load.

Use a varchar rather than Text to store the data, as Text will store the column off-page and is retrieved slightly slower. Use Text only if your application really does store large amounts of text in the session.

down

ohcc at 163 dot com ¶

6 years ago

As of PHP 7.0, you can implement SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface to 
define your own session id validating method like validate_sid and the timestamp updating method like update_timestamp in the non-OOP prototype of session_set_save_handler().

SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface is a new interface introduced in PHP 7.0, which has not been documented yet. It has two abstract methods: SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface :: validateId($sessionId) and SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface :: updateTimestamp($sessionId, $sessionData).

<?php
    /*
       @author Wu Xiancheng
       Code structure for PHP 7.0+ only because SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface is introduced in PHP 7.0
       With this class you can validate php session id and update the timestamp of php session data
       with the OOP prototype of session_set_save_handler() in PHP 7.0+
    */
    class PHPSessionXHandler implements SessionHandlerInterface, SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface {
        public function close(){
            // return value should be true for success or false for failure
            // ...
        }
        public function destroy($sessionId){
            // return value should be true for success or false for failure
            // ... 
        }
        public function gc($maximumLifetime){
            // return value should be true for success or false for failure
            // ...
        }
        public function open($sessionSavePath, $sessionName){
            // return value should be true for success or false for failure
            // ...
        }
        public function read($sessionId){
            // return value should be the session data or an empty string
            // ...
        }
        public function write($sessionId, $sessionData){
            // return value should be true for success or false for failure
            // ...
        }
        public function create_sid(){
            // available since PHP 5.5.1
            // invoked internally when a new session id is needed
            // no parameter is needed and return value should be the new session id created
            // ...
        }
        public function validateId($sessionId){
            // implements SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface::validateId()
            // available since PHP 7.0
            // return value should be true if the session id is valid otherwise false
            // if false is returned a new session id will be generated by php internally
            // ...
        }
        public function updateTimestamp($sessionId, $sessionData){
            // implements SessionUpdateTimestampHandlerInterface::validateId()
            // available since PHP 7.0
            // return value should be true for success or false for failure
            // ...
        }
    }
?>

down

polygon dot co dot in at gmail dot com ¶

3 years ago

Below is a demo to check the order in which session function executes.

<?php

ini_set('session.use_strict_mode',true);

function sess_open($sess_path, $sess_name) {
    echo '<br/>sess_open';
    return true;
}

function sess_close() {
    echo '<br/>sess_close';
    return true;
}

function sess_read($sess_id) {
    echo '<br/>sess_read';
    return '';
}

function sess_write($sess_id, $data) {
    echo '<br/>sess_write';
    return true;
}

function sess_destroy($sess_id) {
    echo '<br/>sess_destroy';
    return true;
}

function sess_gc($sess_maxlifetime) {
    echo '<br/>sess_gc';
    return true;
}

function sess_create_sid() {
    echo '<br/>sess_create_sid';
    return 'RNS'.rand(0,10);
}

function sess_validate_sid($sess_id) {
    echo '<br/>sess_validate_sid';
    return true;
}

function sess_update_timestamp($sess_id,$data) {
    echo '<br/>sess_update_timestamp';
    return true;
}

session_set_save_handler(
    'sess_open',
    'sess_close',
    'sess_read',
    'sess_write',
    'sess_destroy',
    'sess_gc',
    'sess_create_sid',
    'sess_validate_sid',
    'sess_update_timestamp'
);

session_start();

echo '<br/>code here...';

?>

O/P Below when above code executed first time.
sess_open
sess_create_sid
sess_read
code here...
sess_write
sess_close

O/P Below for next execution.
sess_open
sess_validate_sid
sess_read
code here...
sess_write
sess_close

down

Steven George ¶

10 years ago

Note that as well as destructing objects before calling write() and close(), it seems PHP also destroys classes.  That is, you can't even call a static method of an external class in the write() and close() handlers - PHP will issue a Fatal error stating "Class xxxx not found"

down

tomas at slax dot org ¶

16 years ago

Regarding the SAPIs: The warning mentioned in function's description (that the Current working directory is changed with some SAPIs) is very important.

It means that if your callback 'write' function needs to write to a file in current directory, it will not find it. You have to use absolute path and not rely upon the current working directory.

I thought this warning applies only to some strange environments like Windows, but it happens exactly on Linux + Apache 2.2 + PHP 5.

down

tony at marston-home dot demon dot co dot uk ¶

6 years ago

Your custom session handler should not contain calls to any of the session functions, such as session_name() or session_id(), as the relevant values are passed as arguments on various handler methods. Attempting to obtain values from alternative sources may not work as expected.

down

centurianii at yahoo dot co dot uk ¶

7 years ago

Adding to the very useful class from: andreipa at gmail dot com

1. You should handle session expiration & data I/O from the SessionHandlerInterface methods,
2. You should NOT handle session regeneration and data modification from these methods but from a static method, e.g. sth like Session::start().
3. PHP gives a lot of examples but does NOT say what's the perspective under which one should work.

A skeleton of such a class:
namespace xyz;
class Session implements \SessionHandlerInterface, Singleton {
   /** @var SessionToken $token The SessionToken of this command; 
          this is part of my programming approach */
   protected $token;
   /** @var PDO $dbh The PDO handler to the database */
   protected $dbh;
   /** @var $savePath Where sessions are stored */
   protected $savePath;
   /** @var $type Type of sessions (['files'|'sqlite']) */
   protected $type;
   /** @var self $instance An instance of this class */
   static private $instance = null;

   private function __construct() { ... }
   static public function getInstance() {
      if (self::$instance === null) {
         self::$instance = new self();
      }
      return self::$instance;
   }
   public function open($savePath, $sessionName) { ... }
   public function close() {
      if ($this->type == static::FILES) {
         return true;
      } elseif ($this->type == static::SQLITE) {
         return true;
      }
   }
   public function read($id) { ... }
   public function write($id, $data) { ... }
   public function destroy($id) { ... }
   public function gc($maxlifetime) { ... }
   static public function get($key) {
      return (isset($_SESSION[$key]))? $_SESSION[$key] : null;
   }
   static public function set($key, $value) {
      return $_SESSION[$key] = $value;
   }
   static public function newId() {...}
   static public function start($call = null, $log = false) {
      //1. start session (send 1st header)
      if (session_status() != PHP_SESSION_ACTIVE) {
         session_start();   //calls: open()->read()
      }

      //2. $_SESSION['session']: array of session control data
      // existed session
      if (is_array(static::get('session'))) {
         $session = static::get('session');
      // new session
      } else {
         $session = array();
      }

      $tmp = $_SESSION;
      //do sth with $session array...
      static::set('session', $session);
      session_write_close();   //calls: write()->read()->close()
      //create a new session inside if...else...
      session_id(static::newId());
      session_start();   //calls: open()->read()
      //if you want previous session data to be copied:
      //$_SESSION = $tmp;
      //do sth else with $session array and save it to new session...
      static::set('session', $session);

      //6. call callback function (only on valid/new sessions)
      if ($call)
         $call();
      session_write_close();   //calls: write()->read()->close()
   }
   /**
    * Defines custom session handler.
    */
   static public function setHandler() {
      // commit automatic session
      if (ini_get('session.auto_start') == 1) {
         session_write_close();
      }
      $handler = static::getInstance();
      session_set_save_handler($handler, true);
   }
}

Let's start a session:
Session::setHandler();
Session::start();

Trying for hours to trace my error where the 3rd Session::read() ended to use a null Session::dbh until I realized that Session::close() should NOT destroy properties of this class!
Also I avoid the use of session_create_id() as it's only for PHP 7 >= 7.1.0 and I use in place a static Session::newId().

down

shanikawm at gmail dot com ¶

8 years ago

Here is a class to handle session using an Oracle table.
https://github.com/shanikawm/PHP_Oracle_Based_Session_Handler_Class

<?php
/**
 * By Shanika Amarasoma
 * Date: 6/24/2016
 * PHP session handler using Oracle database
 * Oracle Create table statement
        CREATE TABLE PHP_SESSIONS
        (
            SESSION_ID  VARCHAR2(256 BYTE) UNIQUE,
            DATA        CLOB,
            TOUCHED     NUMBER(38)
        );
 */
class session_handler implements SessionHandlerInterface
{
    private $con;
    public function __construct() {
        if(!$this->con=oci_pconnect(DBUSER,DBPASS,CONNECTION_STR)){
            die('Database connection failed !');
        }
    }
    public function open($save_path ,$name){
        return true;
    }
    public function close(){
        return true;
    }
    public function read($session_id){
        $query = "SELECT \"DATA\" FROM PHP_SESSIONS WHERE SESSION_ID=Q'{" . $session_id . "}'";
        $stid = oci_parse($this->con, $query);
        oci_execute($stid, OCI_DEFAULT);
        $row = oci_fetch_array($stid, OCI_ASSOC + OCI_RETURN_LOBS);
        oci_free_statement($stid);
        return $row['DATA'];
    }
    public function write($session_id,$session_data){
        $dquery="DELETE FROM PHP_SESSIONS WHERE SESSION_ID=Q'{".$session_id."}'";
        $dstid = oci_parse($this->con,$dquery);
        oci_execute($dstid, OCI_NO_AUTO_COMMIT);
        oci_free_statement($dstid);
        $query="INSERT INTO PHP_SESSIONS(SESSION_ID,TOUCHED,\"DATA\") VALUES(Q'{".$session_id."}',".time().",EMPTY_CLOB()) RETURNING \"DATA\" INTO :clob";
        $stid = oci_parse($this->con,$query);
        $clob=oci_new_descriptor($this->con,OCI_D_LOB);
        oci_bind_by_name($stid, ':clob', $clob, -1, OCI_B_CLOB);
        if(!oci_execute($stid, OCI_NO_AUTO_COMMIT)){
            @oci_free_statement($stid);
            return false;
        }
        if($clob->save($session_data)){
            oci_commit($this->con);
            $return=true;
        } else {
            oci_rollback($this->con);
            $return=false;
        }
        $clob->free();
        oci_free_statement($stid);
        return $return;
    }
    public function destroy($session_id){
        $query="DELETE FROM PHP_SESSIONS WHERE SESSION_ID=Q'{".$session_id."}'";
        $stid = oci_parse($this->con,$query);
        oci_execute($stid, OCI_DEFAULT);
        $rows=oci_num_rows($stid);
        oci_commit($this->con);
        oci_free_statement($stid);
        if($rows>0){
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }
    public function gc($maxlifetime){
        $query="DELETE FROM PHP_SESSIONS WHERE TOUCHED<".(time()-$maxlifetime);
        $stid = oci_parse($this->con,$query);
        oci_execute($stid, OCI_DEFAULT);
        $rows=oci_num_rows($stid);
        oci_commit($this->con);
        oci_free_statement($stid);
        if($rows>0){
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }
}
session_set_save_handler(new session_handler(), true);
session_start();

down

korvus at kgstudios dot net ¶

19 years ago

It seems when you call 'session_name()', php loads the session id automatically from GET ( if the index exists ) and passes it to the 'read' callback method correctly, but the 'write' callback is invoked twice: first the auto-generated session id, then the custom session id

So be aware of what queries you execute inside the callback .. I got crazy because I used a MySQL 'REPLACE' statement to agilize, and I spent a lot of hours trying to understand why 2 rows instead of 1 were being affected ( the first id was inserting, the second updating )

I hope this helps!

down

ivo at magstudio dot net ¶

21 years ago

Just a few words to explain some troubles while using session_set_save_handler(). It appears that internally PHP calls session management functions in this order: open(), read(), write(), close(). Close() function is called even if you does not make a call to sesison_start(), perhaps for some reasons like cleaning. 
   If you try to redefine these functions and call sessions_set_save_handler() but something doesn't work, (in my case the ssion data hasn't been written) it's a good idea to debug them in the order they are called. They doesn't produce error output to browser but you can use print or echo. 
   Shortly, if your write() function doesn't work as expected take a look for errors in previous functions - open() and read(). 
   I hope that this will help to save someone few hours debugging.

down

oliver at teqneers dot de ¶

19 years ago

For some people it might be important to know, that if the standard session handler has been overwritten with session_set_save_handler, no locking is working anymore (between session_read and session_write). The following might happen:

script "A" start         .
read session data        .
.                        script "B" start
.                        read session data
running (30secs)         add session data
.                        write sesion data
.                        script "B" stop
write session data       .
script "A" stop          .

If a script "A" runs for a long time (say 30secs) the same user might start another script "B", which also uses a session. Script "B" will start and read session data, even though script "A" is still running. Because script "B" is much faster it will finish its work and write back its session data before script "A" has ended. Now script "A" ends and overwrites all of script "B"'s session data. If you DON'T use session_set_save_handler, this cannot happend, because in this case, PHP will not start script "B" until script "A" ends.

down

e dot sand at elisand dot com ¶

15 years ago

The "binary" data that is in the session data appears to surround class/object names, and if you pass your session data through a function to sanitize it for SQL injection, you may indeed run in to problems.



For example, using the PDO::quote() function to prepare the data for injection (in my case for SQLite3), it was stopping short as soon as it encountered the first bit of binary data, causing my session information to be corrupted.



This change *must* have happened somewhere in the 5.2 series, because I just started encountering this problem recently on a code base that had been tested & working on earlier versions of PHP 5.2.



This may in fact be a bug - I have not yet checked... but beware, and perhaps using base64 to encode/decode your session data is a good thing to do just to be sure (though you are now left unable to visually inspect serialized session information at the storage level which is a rather big problem for on-the-fly debugging of sessions).

down

james at dunmore dot me dot uk ¶

17 years ago

I think it is very important here to stress that the WRITE method should use UPDATE+INSERT (or mysql specific REPLACE).

There is example code "out there" that uses just UPDATE for the write method, in which case, when session_regenerate_id is called, session data is lost (as an update would fail, as the key has changed).

I've just wasted a whole day due to this (I know I should have thought it through / RTFM, but it is an easy trap to fall into).

down

frank at interactinet dot com ¶

13 years ago

I had trouble with committing session data.
To "commit and continue" without closing your session, put this at the top of your "write" method:

<?php

$id = session_id();
session_write_close();
session_id($id);
session_start();

?>

Note that ANY time php generates a new session id, it is not automatically updated in a database. This can be helpful:

<?php

public function resetSessionId()
{
    $old = session_id();
    session_regenerate_id();
    $new = session_id();
    SessionHandler::regenerate_id($old,$new);
}

public function regenerate_id($old,$new)
{
    $db = mysqli->connect(...);

    $db->query('UPDATE sessions SET session_id = \''.$db->escape_string($new).'\' 
    WHERE session_id = \''.$db->escape_string($old).'\'');
}
?>

down

carlos dot vini at gmail dot com ¶

8 years ago

If you have a custom handler registered ini_get('session.save_handler') will return 'user' instead of 'file'

down

matt at openflows dot org ¶

18 years ago

Note that for security reasons the Debian and Ubuntu distributions of php do not call _gc to remove old sessions, but instead run /etc/cron.d/php*, which check the value of session.gc_maxlifetime in php.ini and delete the session files in /var/lib/php*.  This is all fine, but it means if you write your own session handlers you'll need to explicitly call your _gc function yourself.  A good place to do this is in your _close function, like this:

<?php
function _close() {
    _gc(get_cfg_var("session.gc_maxlifetime"));
   // rest of function goes here
}
?>

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dummynick at gmail dot com ¶

14 years ago

I was getting Fatal error: Exception thrown without a stack frame and it took days to figure out the reason. I am using memcache to store sessions and in my custom class I use Memcache class in write method.

I put the code in the write method inside try-catch block and it solved my problem.

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joel the usual at sign then purerave.com ¶

14 years ago

When storing sessions in a DB, it's usually beneficial to use an existing custom DB object, but this creates problems with the latest version of PHP 5.3.1. This used to work fine on PHP 5.2.x (Linux and Windows).

The problem now is that session_write_close() is not automatically called when execution ends, but rather after all the objects have been destructed, including the DB object!

There are two ways around this, either manually calling session_write_close() at the end of your script(s), or not using the DB object.

I'm sure this is the intended behavior from the beginning.

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yangqingrong at gmail dot com ¶

15 years ago

session_set_save_handler is used before session_start.if your session is setted as auto start. it will return FALSE value.so you need add session_write_close() before session_set_save_handler to cancel the session's auto start.it  likes this:

<?php
/*
qq:290359552
*/
session_write_close(); //cancel the session's auto start,important

function open()
{
   ...
}
....
session_set_save_handler( ... );
session_start();
?>

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bart2yk at yahoo dot com ¶

14 years ago

You can call the session_write in db object destructor to be shore that you still have a connection to mysql and the session is write.

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sneakyimp AT hotmail DOT com ¶

18 years ago

the behavior, return values, and exact time of calling for these functions is pretty poorly documented here.  i thought folks might like to know that:



1) calling session_start() triggers PHP to first call your open function and then call your read function before resuming with the code immediately following your session_start() call.



2) calling session_id('some_value') within your open function WILL NOT SET THE SESSION COOKIE (at least not on my setup - PHP 4.4.1).  Assuming you defined some function to validate a session id called my_func(), you might want to do something like this in your open function:



<?php

  function _open($save_path, $session_name) {

    // check for session id

    $sess_id = session_id();

    if (empty($sess_id) || !myfunc($sess_id)) {

      //session_id is INVALID - generating new

      $new_id = md5(uniqid("some random seed here"));

      session_id($new_id);

      setcookie(session_name(),

                    $new_id,

                    0,

                    "/",

                    ".mydomain.com");

      }



    return true;

  } // _open()

?>

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harald at hholzer at ¶

15 years ago

after spending 8 hours to find out whats going on..

just for the records, because php.net ignore the real world out there:

debian 5 installs by default the php-suhosin module, which changes the behavior of session_set_save_handler read/write function.

on calling the session write function the session data will be encrypted, and the returning string from the read function are decrypted and verified.

the encrypted data is no more compatible with session_encode/session_decode.

and breaks by default, subdomain handling and multiple host setups where different document roots are used.

for futher information look at:
http://www.hardened-php.net/suhosin/configuration.html

session sample data (debian 4):
test|s:3:"sdf";

session sample data (debian 5, with php-suhosin):
3GdlPEGr2kYgRFDs-pUSoKomZ4fN7r5BM5oKOCMsWNc...

i thing the suhosin patch should report a warning in case of invalid session data, to get a clue whats going wrong.

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james dot ellis at gmail dot com ¶

16 years ago

When writing your own session handler, particularly database session handlers, play close attention to garbage cleanup and how it could affect server load.

To pick a round number example:

If you have 1000 requests per minute on session enabled pages, everyone needs a session started but the session garbage cleanup does not need to run every request. Doing so would cause unrequired queries on the database server.

In this example, setting your probability/divisor to 1/1000 would be sufficient to clean up old sessions at a minimum once a minute. If you don't need that kind of granularity, increase the gc divisor.

Finding the tradeoff between clearing up old sessions and server load is the important aspect here.

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information at saunderswebsolutions dot com ¶

18 years ago

Note that if session.auto_start is set to On in the php.ini, your session_set_save_handler will return false as the session has already been initialized.

If you are finding that your code works OK on one machine but doesn't work on another, check to see if session.auto_start is set to On

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Rusty X ¶

12 years ago

It is important to understand that PHP's default file-based session handling LOCKS the session file, inherently allowing ONLY ONE thread handling any given session at a time.
When you implement a DB-backed session storage and you do not do any locking, you may run into situations where more than one thread is serving the same session, and you may LOSE DATA because the second thread will overwrite any session changes done by the first thread.
You should therefore think about locking the session somehow if you want to have the exact same behavior as with the default file-based implementation. For example, with InnoDB you could do a SELECT ... FOR UPDATE, or you can use the GET_LOCK() function.

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Balu ¶

20 years ago

If a session is closed the save-handlers seem to be resetted (in PHP 4.1.2 they are), so you need to run session_set_save_handler() again after e.g. running session_write_close() and restarting the session with session_start();

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skds1433 at hotmail dot com ¶

15 years ago

I pulled a really stupid move. If you are trying to debug your garbage collector, make sure you call the following >>> BEFORE <<< "session_start":

<?php
ini_set('session.gc_probability', 100);
ini_set('session.gc_divisor', 100);
?>

I was sure it was a bug in PHP, but turned out (like 99% of the time) to be me own fault.

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biba dot vasyl at gmail dot com ¶

9 months ago

if you use the interface (SessionHandlerInterface) to implement the storage of the session in the mysql database, it is not clear what the read method should return, because the return is specified in the interface: string|false, that is, if I refer to the type:
public function read(string $id): string|false {
      if ($id) {
            $sql = "SELECT `session_id`, `data` FROM `session` WHERE `session_id` = '" . $this->db->escape($id) . "'";
            pp($sql);
            $query = $this->db->query($sql);
            if ($query->num_rows) {
                //return (isset($query->one['data']) ? (array)json_decode($query->one['data'], true) : []);
                return $query->one['session_id'];
            } else {
                return '';
            }
      }
      return false;
}
ref.: https://www.php.net/manual/ru/sessionhandlerinterface.read.php
then I will receive an error response of the following plan: Error #: 2, message: session_start(): Failed to decode session object. Session has been destroyed

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polygon dot co dot in at gmail dot com ¶

1 year ago

Although, session_set_save_handler() has support for saving session data via other modes, This does not support a way for saving session data in COOKIES. This is required for a site with a huge concurrent request the recommended solution by session_set_save_handler() does not fit the load site is handling.
So, the other way around to do this is as below.

<?php
// start.php
ob_start(); // Turn on output buffering
 
$sessCookieName = session_name();
$_SESSION = json_decode(base64_decode($_COOKIE[$sessCookieName]), true);

// Code
function echosess() {
    echo $_SESSION['id'];
}
echosess();
$_SESSION['id'] = 1;

// end.php
$op = ob_get_clean(); // Get current buffer contents and delete current output buffer
$encryptedData = base64_encode(json_encode($_SESSION));
setcookie($sessCookieName, $encryptedData, time() + (ini_get("session.gc_maxlifetime")), '/');
echo $op;
?>

If more security is required about the data of the session in cookie, then key based encryption/decryption can solve the issue.

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dimzon541 at gmail dot com ¶

9 years ago

Persisting PHP sessions into mongodb (allows NLB without affinity)
https://gist.github.com/dimzon/62eeb9b8561bcb9f0c6d

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polygon dot co dot in at gmail dot com ¶

3 months ago

Sessions data can be saved in different modes eg; Files, SQL and No SQL  databases.

But while benchmarking session it is observed File based session leads to depletion of inodes, SQL databases leads to slower performance due to large number of indexed session ids and no SQL databases leads to performance issues.

Benchmarking session is simulating session behaviour on attacks that may bring down a website or effect website performance.

As a solution to this on can start the session as below in the common file.

if ( isset( $_COOKIE['PHPSESSID'] ) ) {
    // Wrong cookie values won't create a new session file/entry.
    // Because its a read only.
    session_start(
        [
            'read_and_close'  => true,
        ]
    );
}

This will start a read only session.

Once you are done with this and later in script you need to make changes (add/remove) session data. One can start the session in the normal way which we used to do earlier.

session_start();

and do required modifications.

$_SESSION[‘’key] = $value;

OR

unset($_SESSION[‘’some_key]);

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polygon dot co dot in at gmail dot com ¶

1 year ago

How to use Cookie for managing session data with encryption.

<?php
class MySessionHandler implements SessionHandlerInterface
{
    function __construct()
    {
        // Store the key and IV somewhere safe
        //$key = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(32); // 256-bit key
        //$iv = openssl_random_pseudo_bytes(16); // 128-bit IV
        
        // Store the base64 key and IV somewhere safe
        //$key_base64 = base64_encode($key);
        //$iv_base64 = base64_encode($vi);

        // Use the store base64 key and IV below
        $key_base64 = 's8Livn/jULM6HDdPY76E3aXtfELdleTaqOC8HgTfW7M=';
        $iv_base64 = 'nswqKP23TT+deVNuaV5nXQ==';
        $this->key = base64_decode($key_base64);
        $this->iv = base64_decode($iv_base64);
    }

    // Encryption
    function encryptSess($plaintext)
    {
        return openssl_encrypt($plaintext, 'AES-256-CBC', $this->key, OPENSSL_RAW_DATA, $this->iv);    
    }

    // Decryption
    function decryptSess($ciphertext)
    {
        return openssl_decrypt($ciphertext, 'AES-256-CBC', $this->key, OPENSSL_RAW_DATA, $this->iv);
    }

    public function open($savePath, $sessionName): bool
    {
        ob_start(); // Turn on output buffering
        return true;
    }

    public function close(): bool
    {
        return true;
    }

    #[\ReturnTypeWillChange]
    public function read($id)
    {
        if (isset($_COOKIE[session_name()])) {
            return (string)$this->decryptSess(base64_decode($_COOKIE[session_name()]));
        } else {
            return '';
        }
    }

    public function write($id, $data): bool
    {
        $op = ob_get_clean();
        $encryptedData = base64_encode($this->encryptSess($data));
        setcookie(session_name(), $encryptedData, time() + (ini_get("session.gc_maxlifetime")), '/');
        echo $op;

        return true;
    }

    public function destroy($id): bool
    {
        return true;
    }

    #[\ReturnTypeWillChange]
    public function gc($maxlifetime)
    {
        return true;
    }
}

$handler = new MySessionHandler();
session_set_save_handler($handler, true);
session_start();
var_dump($_SESSION);
$_SESSION['id'] = 10000;

echo '<br/>Hello World';
?>

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nickleus ¶

7 years ago

i dont see any mention of what happens when eg "open" calls "die", like mentioned in docs for "register_shutdown_function":

"If you call exit() within one registered shutdown function, processing will stop completely and no other registered shutdown functions will be called."

http://php.net/manual/en/function.register-shutdown-function.php

my result: same behavior--"read" will not get called if "open" calls "die"/"exit".

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jamesbenson944 at hotmail dot com ¶

11 years ago

I'm not using objects for the save handlers I'm using functions but still get weird behaviour with session writing not being called.

This fixes the problem though:
register_shutdown_function('session_write_close');

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anonymous at anonymous dot org ¶

16 years ago

if you simply append the information from session variables every time you'll have many multiples for variables each time they are changed. a simple way to do this is explode the data twice to seperate the variable name from the other relevant information and foreach() check against the stored set. here is a little bit of a mess i wrote to do it.

assuming stored session variables in both database and passed through function:



<?php

$buffer = array();

$buffer = explode('|',$sessiondata);

$buf1 = array();

$buf2 = array();

$finalbuff = '';

foreach($buffer as $i){ 

    $i = explode(';',$i); 

    foreach($i as $b){ 

        array_push($buf1,$b);

    }

}

$buffer = explode('|',$result['data']);

foreach($buffer as $i){ $i = explode(';',$i); foreach($i as $b){ array_push($buf2,$b);}}

$z = 0;

$x = 0;

while($buf2[$z]){

    while($buf1[$x]){

        if($buf2[$z] == $buf1[$x]){

            $buf2[($z+1)] = $buf1[($x+1)];

        }

        $x+=2;

    }

    $z+=2;

}

foreach($buf2 as $i){ $finalbuff .= $i; }

?>



$sessiondata is the variable passed through the function and $result['data'] is the data stored in an sql database.

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Colin ¶

17 years ago

When using a custom session handler, if the first callback function (sessOpen in my case) finds no session id, one is set by the time the second argument (sessRead in my case) is called.

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mjohnson at pitsco dot com ¶

18 years ago

With regards to the read handler, the docs say:

  "Read function must return string value always to make save 
  handler work as expected. Return empty string if there is no 
  data to read."

I can't emphasize this enough. I just spent half a day trying to figure out why my sessions weren't storing any information. I was blithely returning the results of a query on the database from the read handler. Since there was no match for the new ID, the result was NULL. Since it wasn't a string, sessions were essentially disabled. So, the safe thing might be something like this:

<?php
function sessRead($id)
{
    // Look up data
    $results = getStuff($id);
    
    // Make sure it's a string
    settype($results, 'string');
    return $results;
}
?>

Of course, you can do whatever you want with it. But, no matter what, make sure you return a string.

HTH,
Michael

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coco at digitalco2 dot com ¶

20 years ago

When using mySQL for your session handling functions, don't forget to call mysql_select_db() to change the database if you are using a separate database for your session data. Call mysql_select_db() INSIDE every handler function that accesses the database, since if you write session data after accessing another database, it will not change the database to your session database, and therefore, not write the session data.

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spam at skurrilo dot de ¶

22 years ago

You can't use the session autostart feature with 

session.save_handler = user

set in your php.ini. Use instead the auto_prepend_file directive in the php.ini and point it to your save_handler with an session_start() at the end.

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