str_repeat
If you get a blank page when passing an object to str_replace() (relying on __toString() to convert the object to a string) then you may need to force string context using (string), like so:
<?php
private function _load_vars($vars, &$source = false) {
if(!$source) $source =& $this->code;
foreach((array)$vars as $key => $var) {
$source = str_replace("{".$key."}", (string) $var, $source);
}
}
}
?>
I was running Ubuntu Server with PHP 5.2.6 and getting apache segfaults and mysterious blank pages when $var happened to be certain objects.
str_replace
(PHP 4, PHP 5)
str_replace — 検索文字列に一致したすべての文字列を置換する
説明
この関数は、subject の中の search を全て replace に置換します。
(正規表現のような) 技巧的な置換ルールを必要としない場合、 ereg_replace() または preg_replace() の代わりにこの関数を常用するべきです。
パラメータ
search と replace が配列の場合、str_replace() は各配列から値をひとつ取り出し、 subject 上で検索と置換を行うために使用します。 replace の値が search よりも少ない場合、 置換される値の残りの部分には空の文字列が使用されます。 search が配列で replace が文字列の場合、この置換文字列が search の各値について使用されます。しかし、 逆は意味がありません。
search あるいは replace が配列の場合は、配列の最初の要素から順に処理されます。
- search
-
The value being searched for, otherwise known as the needle. An array may be used to designate multiple needles.
- replace
-
The replacement value that replaces found search values. An array may be used to designate multiple replacements.
- subject
-
The string or array being searched and replaced on, otherwise known as the haystack.
subject が配列の場合、 subject の各エントリについて検索と置換が行われ、 返り値は同様に配列となります。
- count
-
注意: 指定した場合は、マッチして置換が行われた箇所の個数がここに格納されます。
返り値
この関数は、置換後の文字列あるいは配列を返します。
変更履歴
| バージョン | 説明 |
|---|---|
| 5.0.0 | count パラメータが追加されました。 |
| 4.3.3 | この関数の挙動がかわりました。以前のバージョンにはバグがあり、 search と replace の両方に配列を指定した場合に、 空の search 添字をスキップしても replace 配列上の内部ポインタが進みませんでした。 このバグは PHP 4.3.3 で修正されたので、このバグを前提としたスクリプトは、 この関数をコールする前に空の検索値を削除しておく必要があります。 |
| 4.0.5 | ほとんどのパラメータに配列を渡せるようになりました。 |
例
例1 基本的な str_replace() の例
<?php
// <body text='black'> となります
$bodytag = str_replace("%body%", "black", "<body text='%body%'>");
// Hll Wrld f PHP となります
$vowels = array("a", "e", "i", "o", "u", "A", "E", "I", "O", "U");
$onlyconsonants = str_replace($vowels, "", "Hello World of PHP");
// You should eat pizza, beer, and ice cream every day となります
$phrase = "You should eat fruits, vegetables, and fiber every day.";
$healthy = array("fruits", "vegetables", "fiber");
$yummy = array("pizza", "beer", "ice cream");
$newphrase = str_replace($healthy, $yummy, $phrase);
// 2 となります
$str = str_replace("ll", "", "good golly miss molly!", $count);
echo $count;
?>
例2 str_replace() に関するちょっとした事実
<?php
// 置換の順番を指定します
$str = "Line 1\nLine 2\rLine 3\r\nLine 4\n";
$order = array("\r\n", "\n", "\r");
$replace = '<br />';
// まず最初に \r\n を置換するので、二重に変換されることはありません
$newstr = str_replace($order, $replace, $str);
// 出力は F となります。A が B に、そして B が C に、そして……
// 最終的に E が F に置換されるからです。置換は左から右へと順に行われます
$search = array('A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E');
$replace = array('B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F');
$subject = 'A';
echo str_replace($search, $replace, $subject);
// 出力は apearpearle pear となります
// 上で説明したのと同じ理由です
$letters = array('a', 'p');
$fruit = array('apple', 'pear');
$text = 'a p';
$output = str_replace($letters, $fruit, $text);
echo $output;
?>
注意
注意: この関数はバイナリデータに対応しています。
警告
置換の順番に関するメモ
str_replace() は左から右へと置換を行うので、 複数の置換を行うときには、前に追加された値を置換する可能性もあります。 このドキュメントのサンプルを参照ください。
注意: この関数は大文字小文字を区別します。区別せずに置換するには str_ireplace() を使用します。
参考
- str_ireplace() - 大文字小文字を区別しない str_replace
- substr_replace() - 文字列の一部を置換する
- preg_replace() - 正規表現検索および置換を行う
- strtr() - 特定の文字を変換する
add a note
User Contributed Notesstr_replace
jonathon at compwright dot com
12-Nov-2009 05:23
12-Nov-2009 05:23
Chris
01-Nov-2009 04:22
01-Nov-2009 04:22
Compress a string's internal spaces:
<?php
$str = ' This is a test ';
$count = 1;
while($count)
$str = str_replace(' ', ' ', $str, $count);
?>
Decko
15-Oct-2009 08:41
15-Oct-2009 08:41
As mentioned earlier you should take the order into account when substituting multiple values.
However it is worth noticing that str_replace doesn't seem to re-read the string when doing single replacements. Take the following example.
<?php
$s = '/a/a/';
$s = str_replace('/a/', '/', $s);
?>
You would expect the following.
First replacement '/a/a/' -> '/a/'
Second replacement '/a/'->'/'
This is not the case, the actual result will be '/a/'.
To fix this, you will have to put str_replace in a while-loop.
<?php
$s = '/a/a/';
while(strpos($s, '/a/') !== false)
$s = str_replace('/a/', '/', $s); //eventually $s will == '/'
?>
Alberto Lepe
16-Jun-2009 02:44
16-Jun-2009 02:44
Be careful when replacing characters (or repeated patterns in the FROM and TO arrays):
For example:
<?php
$arrFrom = array("1","2","3","B");
$arrTo = array("A","B","C","D");
$word = "ZBB2";
echo str_replace($arrFrom, $arrTo, $word);
?>
I would expect as result: "ZDDB"
However, this return: "ZDDD"
(Because B = D according to our array)
To make this work, use "strtr" instead:
<?php
$arr = array("1" => "A","2" => "B","3" => "C","B" => "D");
$word = "ZBB2";
echo strtr($word,$arr);
?>
This returns: "ZDDB"
moz667 at gmail dot com
21-May-2009 04:49
21-May-2009 04:49
<?php
/*
This is a function for made recursive str_replaces in an array
*/
function recursive_array_replace($find, $replace, &$data) {
if (is_array($data)) {
foreach ($data as $key => $value) {
if (is_array($value)) {
recursive_array_replace($find, $replace, $data[$key]);
} else {
$data[$key] = str_replace($find, $replace, $value);
}
}
} else {
$data = str_replace($find, $replace, $data);
}
}
$a = array();
$a['a'] = "a";
$a['b']['a'] = "ba";
$a['b']['b'] = "bb";
$a['c'] = "c";
$a['d']['a'] = "da";
$a['d']['b'] = "db";
$a['d']['c'] = "dc";
$a['d']['d'] = "dd";
echo "Before Replaces";
print_r($a);
recursive_array_replace("a", "XXXX", $a);
echo "After Replaces";
print_r($a);
?>
michael dot moussa at gmail dot com
29-Jan-2009 02:38
29-Jan-2009 02:38
As previous commentators mentioned, when $search contains values that occur earlier in $replace, str_replace will factor those previous replacements into the process rather than operating solely on the original string. This may produce unexpected output.
Example:
<?php
$search = array('A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E');
$replace = array('B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F');
$subject = 'ABCDE';
echo str_replace($search, $replace, $subject); // output: 'FFFFFF'
?>
In the above code, the $search and $replace should replace each occurrence in the $subject with the next letter in the alphabet. The expected output for this sample is 'BCDEF'; however, the actual output is 'FFFFF'.
To more clearly illustrate this, consider the following example:
<?php
$search = array('A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E');
$replace = array('B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F');
$subject = 'A';
echo str_replace($search, $replace, $subject); // output: 'F'
?>
Since 'A' is the only letter in the $search array that appears in $subject, one would expect the result to be 'B'; however, replacement number $n does *not* operate on $subject, it operates on $subject after the previous $n-1 replacements have been completed.
The following function utilizes array_combine and strtr to produce the expected output, and I believe it is the most efficient way to perform the desired string replacement without prior replacements affecting the final result.
<?php
/**
* When using str_replace(...), values that did not exist in the original string (but were put there by previous
* replacements) will be replaced continuously. This string replacement function is designed replace the values
* in $search with those in $replace while not factoring in prior replacements. Note that this function will
* always look for the longest possible match first and then work its way down to individual characters.
*
* The "o" in "stro_replace" represents "original", indicating that the function operates only on the original string.
*
* @param array $search list of strings or characters that need to be replaced
* @param array $replace list of strings or characters that will replace the corresponding values in $search
* @param string $subject the string on which this operation is being performed
*
* @return string $subject with all substrings in the $search array replaced by the values in the $replace array
*/
function stro_replace($search, $replace, $subject)
{
return strtr( $subject, array_combine($search, $replace) );
}
$search = array('A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E');
$replace = array('B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F');
$subject = 'ABCDE';
echo stro_replace($search, $replace, $subject); // output: 'BCDEF'
?>
Some other examples:
<?php
$search = array(' ', '&');
$replace = array(' ', '&');
$subject = 'Hello & goodbye!';
// We want to replace the spaces with and the ampersand with &
echo str_replace($search, $replace, $subject); // output: "Hello&nbsp&&nbspgoodbye!" - wrong!
echo stro_replace($search, $replace, $subject); // output: "Hello & goodbye!" - correct!
/*
Note: Run the above code in the CLI or view source on your web browser - the replacement strings for stro_replace are HTML entities which the browser interprets.
*/
?>
<?php
$search = array('ERICA', 'AMERICA');
$replace = array('JON', 'PHP');
$subject = 'MIKE AND ERICA LIKE AMERICA';
// We want to replace the name "ERICA" with "JON" and the word "AMERICA" with "PHP"
echo str_replace($search, $replace, $subject); // output: "MIKE AND JON LIKE AMJON", which is not correct
echo stro_replace($search, $replace, $subject); // output: "MIKE AND JON LIKE PHP", which is correct
?>
nospam at nospam dot com
02-Dec-2008 10:55
02-Dec-2008 10:55
Replacement for str_replace in which a multiarray of numerically keyed data can be properly evaluated with the given template without having a search for 11 be mistaken for two 1's next to each other
<?php
function data_template($input, $template) {
if ($template) { // template string
if ($split = str_split($template)) { // each char as array member
foreach ($split as $char) { // each character
if (is_numeric($char)) { // test for digit
if ($s != 1) { // new digit sequence
$i++;
$s = 1;
}
$digits[$i] .= $char; // store digit
} else { // not a digit
if ($s != 2) { // new non-digit sequence
$i++;
$s = 2;
}
$strings[$i] .= $char; // store string
}
}
if ($i && $input && is_array($input)) { // input data
foreach ($input as $sub) { // each subarray
if (is_array($sub)) {
$out = ''; // reset output
for ($j = 0; $j <= $i; $j++) { // each number/string member
if ($number = $digits[$j]) { // number
$out .= $sub[$number]; // add value from subarray to output
} else { // string
$out .= $strings[$j]; // add to output
}
}
$a[] = $out;
}
}
return $a;
} // input
} // split
} // template
}
$input = array(array(1=>'yellow', 2=>'banana', 11=>'fruit'), array(1=>'green', 2=>'spinach', 11=>'vegetable'), array(1=>'pink', 2=>'salmon', 11=>'fish'));
print_r (data_template($input, '2: a 1, healthy 11'));
/*
Array
(
[0] => banana: a yellow, healthy fruit
[1] => spinach: a green, healthy vegetable
[2] => salmon: a pink, healthy fish
)
*/
// str_replace would have wanted to output 'banana: a yellow, healthy yellowyellow
?>
Not sure if this will help anyone but I wrote it for my application and thought I would share just in case
nick at NOSPAM dot pitchinteractive dot com
06-Oct-2008 11:12
06-Oct-2008 11:12
I tried max at efoxdesigns dot com solution for str_replace_once but it didn't work quite right so I came up with this solution (all params must be strings):
<?php
function str_replace_once($search, $replace, $subject) {
$firstChar = strpos($subject, $search);
if($firstChar !== false) {
$beforeStr = substr($subject,0,$firstChar);
$afterStr = substr($subject, $firstChar + strlen($search));
return $beforeStr.$replace.$afterStr;
} else {
return $subject;
}
}
?>
paolo A T doppioclick D O T com
05-Sep-2008 11:15
05-Sep-2008 11:15
For PHP 4 < 4.4.5 and PHP 5 < 5.2.1 you may occur (like me) in this bug:
http://www.php-security.org/MOPB/MOPB-39-2007.html
troy at troyonline dot com
23-Jun-2008 05:18
23-Jun-2008 05:18
Yet another deep replace function:
<?php
function str_replace_deep( $search, $replace, $subject)
{
$subject = str_replace( $search, $replace, $subject);
foreach ($subject as &$value)
is_array( $value) and $value =str_replace_deep( $search, $replace, $value);
return $subject;
}
?>
David Gimeno i Ayuso (info at sima dot cat)
09-Aug-2007 07:22
09-Aug-2007 07:22
With PHP 4.3.1, at least, str_replace works fine when working with single arrays but mess it all with two or more dimension arrays.
<?php
$subject = array("You should eat this","this","and this every day.");
$search = "this";
$replace = "that";
$new = str_replace($search, $replace, $subject);
print_r($new); // Array ( [0] => You should eat that [1] => that [2] => and that every day. )
echo "<hr />";
$subject = array(array("first", "You should eat this")
,array("second","this")
,array("third", "and this every day."));
$search = "this";
$replace = "that";
$new = str_replace($search, $replace, $subject);
print_r($new); // Array ( [0] => Array [1] => Array [2] => Array )
?>
tim at hysniu dot com
05-Jun-2007 06:27
05-Jun-2007 06:27
I found that having UTF-8 strings in as argument didnt
work for me using heavyraptors function.
Adding UTF-8 as argument on htmlentities
fixed the problem.
cheers, tim at hysniu.com
<?php
function replace_accents($str) {
$str = htmlentities($str, ENT_COMPAT, "UTF-8");
$str = preg_replace(
'/&([a-zA-Z])(uml|acute|grave|circ|tilde);/',
'$1',$str);
return html_entity_decode($str);
}
?>
kole
26-Feb-2007 01:48
26-Feb-2007 01:48
My input is MS Excel file but I want to save ‘,’,“,” as ',',",".
$badchr = array(
"\xc2", // prefix 1
"\x80", // prefix 2
"\x98", // single quote opening
"\x99", // single quote closing
"\x8c", // double quote opening
"\x9d" // double quote closing
);
$goodchr = array('', '', '\'', '\'', '"', '"');
str_replace($badchr, $goodchr, $strFromExcelFile);
Works for me.
rlee0001 at sbcglobal dot net
16-Feb-2007 08:30
16-Feb-2007 08:30
This is a more rigid alternative to spectrereturns at creaturestoke dot com's replace_different function:
<?php
function str_replace_many ($search, $replacements, $subject) {
$index = strlen($subject);
$replacements = array_reverse($replacements);
if (count($replacements) != substr_count($subject, $search)) {
return FALSE;
}
foreach ($replacements as $replacement) {
$index = strrpos(substr($subject, 0, $index), $search);
$prefix = substr($subject, 0, $index);
$suffix = substr($subject, $index + 1);
$subject = $prefix . $replacement . $suffix;
}
return $subject;
}
?>
This will return false if there are a different number of $replacements versus number of occurrences of $search in $subject. Additionally, $search much be exactly one character (if a string is provided, only the first character in the string will be used). Examples:
<?php
echo str_replace_many('?',array('Jane','banana'),'? is eating a ?.');
?>
prints: "Jane is eating a banana."
15-Jan-2007 09:42
Before spending hours searching your application why it makes UTF-8 encoding into some malformed something with str_replace, make sure you save your PHP file in UTF-8 (NO BOM).
This was at least one of my problems.
matt wheaton
30-Mar-2006 03:40
30-Mar-2006 03:40
As an effort to remove those Word copy and paste smart quotes, I've found that this works with UTF8 encoded strings (where $text in the following example is UTF8). Also the elipsis and em and en dashes are replaced.
There is an "invisible" character after the †for the right side double smart quote that doesn't seem to display here. It is chr(157).
<?php
$find[] = '“'; // left side double smart quote
$find[] = 'â€'; // right side double smart quote
$find[] = '‘'; // left side single smart quote
$find[] = '’'; // right side single smart quote
$find[] = '…'; // elipsis
$find[] = '—'; // em dash
$find[] = '–'; // en dash
$replace[] = '"';
$replace[] = '"';
$replace[] = "'";
$replace[] = "'";
$replace[] = "...";
$replace[] = "-";
$replace[] = "-";
$text = str_replace($find, $replace, $text);
?>
David Gimeno i Ayuso (info at sima-pc dot com)
25-Aug-2003 01:12
25-Aug-2003 01:12
Take care with order when using arrays in replacement.
<?php
$match=array("ONE","TWO","THREE");
$replace=array("TWO WORDS","MANY LETTERS","OTHER IDEAS");
$sample="ONE SAMPLE";
echo str_replace($match,$replace,$sample);
?>
It will show: "MANY LETTERS WORDS SAMPLE"
That is, after replacing "ONE" with "TWO WORDS", process follows with next array item and it changes "TWO" with "MANY LETTERS".