CakeFest 2024: The Official CakePHP Conference

安装

使用 OCI8 配置 PHP

在配置 OCI8 之前查看前面的要求部分。

在启动 Web 服务器之前,OCI8 通常需要几个 Oracle 环境变量(见下文)来定位库、指向配置文件并设置一些基本属性,例如 Oracle 库使用的字符集。必须在 PHP 进程启动之前设置变量。

PHP 二进制文件必须链接到与其配置时相同或更高的主要 Oracle 库版本。例如,如果使用 Oracle 19 库编译 OCI8,那么 PHP 也应该使用 Oracle 19 库部署和运行。PHP 应用程序可以连接到其他版本的 Oracle 数据库,因为 Oracle 具有客户端-服务器跨版本兼容性。

使用 pecl 命令从 PECL 安装 OCI8

可以使用 » PECL 存储库将 OCI8 扩展添加到已安装的现有 PHP 中。

  • 如果在防火墙的后面,设置 PEAR 代理,例如:

    pear config-set http_proxy http://my-proxy.example.com:80/
    

  • 运行

    pecl install oci8
    

    对于 PHP 7,使用 pecl install oci8-2.2.0

  • 出现提示时,输入 $ORACLE_HOME 的值或 instantclient,/path/to/instant/client/lib

    注意:不要输入 $ORACLE_HOME$HOME 之类的变量名,因为 pecl 不会展开它们。反而应该输入展开后的路径,例如 /opt/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1instantclient,/Users/myname/Downloads/instantclient_19_8

  • 如果收到错误 oci8_dtrace_gen.h: No such file or directory,这意味着 PHP 是在启用 DTrace 动态跟踪的情况下编译的。使用如下安装:

    $ export PHP_DTRACE=yes
    $ pecl install oci8
    

  • 编辑 php.ini 文件并添加以下行:

    extension=oci8.so
    

    确保 php.ini 指令 extension_dir 设置为安装 oci8.so 的目录。

使用 phpize 从 PECL 安装 OCI8

要在无法使用 pecl 命令时在已安装的现有 PHP 上安装 OCI8,请手动下载 » PECL OCI8 包,例如 oci8-3.0.0.tgz

  • 解压包:

    tar -zxf oci8-3.0.0.tgz
    cd oci8-3.0.0
    

  • 预处理包:

    phpize
    

  • 使用 $ORACLE_HOME 或 Instant Client 配置包

    ./configure -with-oci8=shared,$ORACLE_HOME
    

    ./configure -with-oci8=shared,instantclient,/path/to/instant/client/lib
    

  • 安装包:

    make install
    

  • 如果收到错误 oci8_dtrace_gen.h: No such file or directory,这意味着 PHP 是在启用 DTrace 动态跟踪的情况下编译的。设置此环境变量后重新运行 configuremake 命令:

    $ export PHP_DTRACE=yes
    

  • 编辑 php.ini 文件并添加以下行:

    extension=oci8.so
    

    确保 php.ini 指令 extension_dir 设置为安装 oci8.so 的目录。

编译 PHP 时将 OCI8 作为共享扩展安装

如果从源代码编译 PHP,则可以使用 shared 配置选项将 OCI8 编译为共享库,可以动态加载到 PHP。编译共享扩展可以轻松升级 OCI8 ,而不会影响 PHP 的其它部分。

使用以下任一配置选项配置 OCI8。

  • 如果使用免费的 » Oracle Instant Client 库,则执行以下操作:

    ./configure --with-oci8=shared,instantclient,/path/to/instant/client/lib
    

    如果 Instant Client 12.2(或更早版本)是从 ZIP 文件安装的,请首先确保创建库符号链接,例如 ln -s libclntsh.so.12.1 libclntsh.so

    如果使用基于 RPM 的 Oracle Instant Client 安装,配置行将如下所示:

    ./configure --with-oci8=shared,instantclient,/usr/lib/oracle/<version>/client/lib
    

    例如:--with-oci8=shared,instantclient,/usr/lib/oracle/19.9/client/lib

  • 如果使用 Oracle 数据库或完整的 Oracle 客户端安装,则执行以下操作:

    ./configure --with-oci8=shared,$ORACLE_HOME
    

    确保 Web 服务器用户(nobodywww)可以访问 $ORACLE_HOME 目录下的库、初始化文件和 tnsnames.ora(如果使用)。对于 Oracle 10gR2,可能需要运行 $ORACLE_HOME/install/changePerm.sh 实用程序来授予目录访问权限。

配置后,遵循通用的 PHP 编译过程,例如 make install。将创建 OCI8 共享扩展 oci8.so 库。可能需要手动移动到 PHP 扩展目录,由 php.ini 文件中的 extension_dir 选项指定。

要完成 OCI8 的安装,请编辑 php.ini 并添加以下行:

extension=oci8.so

编译 PHP 时将 OCI8 作为静态编译扩展安装

如果从源代码编译 PHP,则可以使用以下任一配置选项,配置 PHP 为包含 OCI8 静态扩展的 PHP。

  • 如果使用 Oracle Instant Client,则执行以下操作:

    ./configure --with-oci8=instantclient,/path/to/instant/client/lib
    

  • 如果使用 Oracle 数据库或完整的 Oracle 客户端安装,则执行以下操作:

    ./configure --with-oci8=$ORACLE_HOME
    

配置后,遵循通用的 PHP 编译过程,例如 make install。编译成功后,不需要在 php.ini 中加入 oci8.so。不需要额外的编译步骤。

在 Windows 上安装 OCI8

通过使用 » PECL 存储库或函数库(library)中的 DLL,在已安装 PHP 的 ext 中,将 OCI8 扩展添加到现有的 PHP 安装中。

对于 Oracle 12c(或更高版本)的库,取消注释其中 php.iniextension=php_oci8_12c.dllextension=php_oci8_11g.dllextension=php_oci8.dll 中的一个。一次只能启用这些 DLL 中的一个。更高版本的 DLL 可能包含更多功能。并非所有 DLL 都适用于所有版本的 PHP。确保将 extension_dir 设置为包含 PHP 扩展 DLL 的目录。

如果使用 Instant Client,请将系统 PATH 环境变量设置为 Oracle 库目录。

设置 Oracle 环境

在使用此扩展之前,请确保为 Web 守护程序用户正确设置了 Oracle 环境变量。 如果 Web 服务器在启动时自动启动,请确保启动时环境也已正确配置。

注意:

不要在 PHP 脚本中使用 putenv() 设置 Oracle 环境变量,因为 Oracle 库可能会在脚本运行之前加载和初始化。使用 putenv() 设置的变量可能会导致冲突、崩溃或不可预知的行为。有些函数可能有效,但其它函数可能会出现细微的错误。应在启动 Web 服务器之前设置变量。

在 Red Hat Linux 及其变体上,在 /etc/sysconfig/httpd 末尾导出变量。其他带有 Apache 2 的系统可能会使用 Apache bin 目录中的 envvars 脚本。 A third option, the Apache SetEnv directive in httpd.conf, may work in some systems but is known to be insufficient in others.

要检查环境变量是否设置正确,请使用 phpinfo() 并检查 Environment(不是 Apache Environment)部分是否包含预期变量。

可能需要的变量包含在下表中。有关所有可用变量的更多信息,请参阅 Oracle 文档。

常见的 Oracle 环境变量
Name Purpose
ORACLE_HOME 包含完整 Oracle 数据库软件的目录。使用 Oracle Instant Client 时不要设置它,因为它是不必要的并且可能会导致安装问题。
ORACLE_SID 包含要连接到的本地计算机上的数据库的名称。如果使用 Oracle Instant Client 或始终将连接参数传递给 oci_connect() 时,则无需设置此项。
LD_LIBRARY_PATH 将其(或其平台等效项,例如 LIBPATHSHLIB_PATH)设置为 Oracle 库的位置,例如 $ORACLE_HOME/lib/usr/lib/oracle/18.5/client/lib。请注意,对于 Linux 上的 Instant Client ZIP 文件,使用 ldconfig 更可靠,请参阅 Instant Client 安装说明。对于 Instant Client 19(或更高版本)RPM 文件,ldconfig 会自动运行。有些用户使用 LD_PRELOAD 而不是 LD_LIBRARY_PATH
NLS_LANG 这是设置 Oracle 库使用的字符集和国际化信息的主要变量。
ORA_SDTZ 设置 Oracle 会话时区。
TNS_ADMIN Contains the directory where the Oracle Net Services configuration files such as tnsnames.ora and sqlnet.ora are kept. Not needed if the oci_connect() connection string uses the Easy Connect naming syntax such as localhost/XE. Not needed if the network configuration files are in one of the default locations such as /usr/lib/oracle/VERSION/client/lib/network/admin, $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin or /etc.
不太常用的 Oracle 环境变量包括 TWO_TASKORA_TZFILE 和各种 Oracle 全局设置,如 NLS*ORA_NLS_* 变量。

故障排除

安装 OCI8 最常见的问题是没有正确设置 Oracle 环境。这通常表现为使用 oci_connect()oci_pconnect() 的问题。该错误可能是 PHP 错误,例如 Call to undefined function oci_connect(),Oracle 错误(例如 ORA-12705),甚至是 Apache 崩溃。检查 Apache 日志文件中的启动错误,并查看以上部分以解决此问题。

虽然 ORA-12154 或 ORA-12514 等网络错误表示是 Oracle 网络命名或配置问题,但根本原因可能是因为 PHP 环境设置不正确,Oracle 库无法找到 tnsnames.ora 配置文件。

在 Windows 上,在一台机器上安装多个版本的 Oracle 很容易导致库冲突,除非注意确保 PHP 只使用正确版本的 Oracle。

用于检查查找和加载哪些库的实用程序可以帮助解决库丢失或冲突问题,尤其是在 Windows 上。

注意: 如果 Web 服务器未启动或在启动时崩溃

检查 Apache 是否与 pthread 库链接:

# ldd /www/apache/bin/httpd
  libpthread.so.0 => /lib/libpthread.so.0 (0x4001c000)
  libm.so.6 => /lib/libm.so.6 (0x4002f000)
  libcrypt.so.1 => /lib/libcrypt.so.1 (0x4004c000)
  libdl.so.2 => /lib/libdl.so.2 (0x4007a000)
  libc.so.6 => /lib/libc.so.6 (0x4007e000)
  /lib/ld-linux.so.2 => /lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0x40000000)

如果未列出 libpthread,则需要重新安装 Apache:

# cd /usr/src/apache_1.3.xx
# make clean
# LIBS=-lpthread ./config.status
# make
# make install

请注意,在某些系统(如 UnixWare)上,它是 libthread 而不是 libpthread PHP 和 Apache 必须配置 EXTRA_LIBS=-lthread。

add a note

User Contributed Notes 36 notes

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26
alvaro at demogracia dot com
15 years ago
If you've followed the instructions and you can't even connect to the DB server, welcome to the Oracle hell. Most of the information you'll find is deprecated, incomplete, not for your platform, unnecessary or just plain wrong.

Typically, you won't need at all those complicate setups you'll read about and they'll probably make things harder. I suggest you get Systernal's "Filemon" utility (for Windows, in Unix you may do with strace) and find out what exact config files and DLLs are being tried by php.exe (or httpd.exe if PHP runs as Apache module or...). Pretty often, the issue is that (e.g.) TNSNAMES.ORA does not have the correct line ending or Apache is looking for a DLL that does not even exist in your hard disc; learning that prevents you to waste time adding more and more useless environmental variables.

Goog luck.
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3
devolver at iastate dot edu
21 years ago
I spent several hours tracking down error ORA 24374, which would result from only *SOME* of my select statements. This error would be caused if I made a query that would return any non-numerical value. I am running an Apache 1.3.x webserver and PHP 4.2.1.

The fix is to add entries in your httpd.conf file that would export your environment settings. I added these three lines and everything worked like a charm!
SetEnv ORACLE_HOME /path/to/oracle/home
SetEnv ORA_NLS33 /path/to/oracle/home/ocommon/nls/admin/data
SetEnv NLS_LANG AMERICAN

Obviously, if your NLS_LANG is different, you should set it to whatever your NLS_LANG actually is. Ask your friendly DB admin for this information.

Hope this helps someone who treads down the path that I just followed!

Trent
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3
f dot kheiri at ucl dot ac dot uk
17 years ago
To compile PHP 4.4.2 with OCI8 / Oracle 9i / AIX 5.2 (64-bit) / GCC

PHP will automatically compile against the Oracle 64-bit libraries, which PHP being a 32-bit app, will cause "make" to fail (though it will configure fine). Here's how to avoid this:

1. replace your PHP's ext/oci8 directory with the latest ext/oci8 directory downloadable from PECL - then remove the old directory entirely

2. rebuild configure by running:

./buildconf --force

...in PHP's root directory. This will rebuild the configure script.

3. using a tool like sed, in your configure file replace all instances of /path/to/oracle/lib with /path/to/oracle/lib32 - note, this may require GNU's autoconf, m4 and gnumake.

4. export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/path/to/oracle/lib32

5. ./configure --with-oci-8=/path/to/oracle (and any other options)

Then, the usual make and make install.
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1
ben at onshop dot co dot uk
18 years ago
I spent ages trying work out why I was getting the following message when when using ocilogon() on Windows 2000 using PHP 4 and 5:

ORA-03106 Fatal two-task communication protocol error

This problem is occurs when PHP cannot find ORACLE client environmental variables.

The environmental variables can be set in several ways:

1. Within the root 'Directory' directive on Apache httpd.conf:

<Directory "d:/path/to/webroot">
SetEnv ORACLE_BASE "c:/oracle"
SetEnv ORACLE_HOME "c:/oracle/ora81"
SetEnv NLS_LANG "american_america.WE8DEC"
SetEnv NLS_CHARACTERSET "WE8DEC"
SetEnv NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET "AL16UTF16"
</Directory>

or

2. Within Windows:

Go to the Control Panel>System>Advanced>Environmental Variables

Then enter a name value/pair for each of the variables.

3. Using putenv() statements in the PHP file prior to using ocilogon(). This is not ideal because the statements are required evertime you wish to connect to Oracle.
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1
neogodo at yahoo dot com dot br
19 years ago
Hey guys!!!!

I have all these problems and when are solved a php show this:

_oci_server ORA-12159:connection text especified is too long

It's simple!!!

In the TNSNAMES.ORA remove all space, tab, carriage return on the conection string and, wallah!!! All work fine!!!

More info:

PHP 5.0.0 with Oci8
Apache 1.3

Regards,
Romolo (neogodo@yahoo.com.br).
DBA Oracle
Brazil - SP - Sao Paulo
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1
NOSPAMPLZ!esartoni at omniaglobal dot net
20 years ago
I had a little problem with ocilogon but only with RedHat 8.0. It always returned some kind of error during connection like 'OCISessionBegin - ... invalid character', or 'OCISessionBegin - ... missing or invalid option in ...'

I have finally found what is this problem! You have to change your LANG enviroment variable disabling UTF-8. Example: LANG=en_US.UTF-8 should become LANG=en_US.
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1
lore_giver at lycos dot co dot uk
20 years ago
Running Oracle 9i on a
Solaris 9 (64 bit) platform with a Sun Server E250:
Apache version 1.3.27
PHP version 4.3.1

I was first getting "...wrong ELF class: ELFCLASS64.."
while doing a ./configure with the --with-oci8 and --with-oracle parameters.

After some unsuccessfull searched I renamed the $ORACLE_HOME/lib to $ORACLE_HOME/lib.org and then renamed the
$ORACLE_HOME/lib32 to $ORACLE_HOME/lib

Thereafter it went passed this config, but now failed on
not being able to find a libwtc9.so file which was in the
$ORACLE_HOME/lib directory (this message was displayed in the debug.log in the php source directory).

After setting the Environment variable:
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
I was able to compile without any errors and 'make' and 'make install' ran smoothly.

I only had to add the php type in the httpd.conf (in your apache conf directory eg. /usr/local/apache/conf)..
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
to get the php to work again...

I had to then reverse the $ORACLE_HOME/lib swop on top since php was now having problems with the 32 bit version of the library...so switched it back to 64 and my php script worked....

Hope this helps some out there with similar problems..

Cheers
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3
Saxon Leung
12 years ago
Spending long time in researching how to install this on a freshly installed [Red Hat-based (RHEL, CentOS, Fedora)] Linux, and finally I come to this:

1) Download & install

#yum install oracle-instantclient-basic
#yum install oracle-instantclient-devel

or

Download:
oci8-1.4.7.tgz
oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.3.0-1.x86_64.rpm
oracle-instantclient11.2-devel-11.2.0.3.0-1.x86_64.rpm

#rpm -i oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.3.0-1.x86_64.rpm
#rpm -i oracle-instantclient11.2-devel-11.2.0.3.0-1.x86_64.rpm

2) Check PHP version:

#rpm -qa | grep php

It should looks sth like this:
php-devel-5.3.10-1.w5
php-pdo-5.3.10-1.w5
php-ldap-5.3.10-1.w5
php-cli-5.3.10-1.w5
php-mysql-5.3.10-1.w5
php-5.3.10-1.w5
php-common-5.3.10-1.w5

3) Update if needed by:

#yum --enablerepo=webtatic update php

** Make sure you have php-devel installed before updating to a newer version, or you might have problem to add package back. If it happened, you\\'ll have to reinstall all php packages (sadly I did):

#yum remove php-common
#yum --enablerepo=webtatic install php

4) Remember to install a C compiler for installation use:
#yum install gcc

5) Unzip oci8-1.4.7.tgz:
#tar xvzf oci8-1.4.7

6) Run phpize (php-devel required):
# phpize

7) Setup Config:
# ./configure --with-oci8=shared,instantclient,/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib

8) Add a sym-link to the SDK header files (Comes with the instantclient-devel)

#ln -s /usr/include/oracle/11.2/client64/ /usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib/include

** The installation defaults to use 1 dir path only, so the missing SDK files need to add back to that directory, by adding a sym-link \\"include\\" under the lib folder.

9) Compile and install:
#make all install

[Please note that I'm installing on a 64-bit platform so links are pointing at client64 instead of client]
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3
scoop at subindie dot com
18 years ago
Regarding compiling with the recently updated OCI8 Extension (http://pecl.php.net/package/oci8).

I ran into problems when statically compiling, such as numerous "undefined reference to `zif_oci_***'" errors. Since I likely won't be the only one to run into this problem, here's some helpful hints:

If you've previously compiled your php installation, first: make clean

Then replace the existing php-x.x.x/ext/oci8 directory with the latest package from: http://pecl.php.net/package/oci8

./buildconf --force
./config ..
make
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2
aliquis at die dot spammers dot die dot link-net dot org
20 years ago
I've had all kinds of errors with RedHat9(yuck), PHP 4.3.4RC1 and Oracle enterprice server 9.2. For some time I thought that --with-oci8 wouldn't work with Oracle9 but that wasn't the case, the solution was many steps.

1) install oracle, might require some tricks, on RedHat9 I had to put this in my .bashrc:
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/ora9
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/9.2
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export ORACLE_SID=netadmdb
export ORACLE_TERM=vt100
export LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.4.1
export THREADS_FLAG=native
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_BASE/product/9.2/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

2) compile php, use --with-oci8

3) Make an init-script for the oracle9 database server, as default the TNS listener doesn't run so add that on aswell, example:
#!/bin/bash
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/ora9/product/9.2
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_SID=netadmdb
export DISPLAY=:0
oracle_user=oracle
export oracle_user
case $1 in
start)
su - "$oracle_user"<<EOO
sqlplus /nolog<<EOS
connect / as sysdba
startup
EOS
/opt/ora9/product/9.2/bin/lsnrctl start
EOO
;;
stop)
su - "$oracle_user"<<EOO
/opt/ora9/product/9.2/bin/lsnrctl stop
sqlplus /nolog<<EOS
connect / as sysdba
shutdown immediate
EOS
EOO
;;
*)
echo "Usage: ora9 [start|stop]"
;;
esac

4) Configure Apache. For some reason it requires some tweaking with environment variables, in the begining I put those in the PHP-script with putenv, later in the httpd.conf with SetEnv and the mod_env module. But I was told to not do that and instead set them in the init script for Apache. So I copied apachectl to /etc/init.d and edited envvars in $APACHE_PATH/bin. First I added all kinds of env variables until I got it to work, and then I removed them one at a time and came to the following minimal configuration:
LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/apache2/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/ora9/product/9.2
LANG=sv_SE
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH ORACLE_HOME LANG

Earlier I had added NLS_LANG and TNS_ADMIN above those mentioned above (point 1), but it seems those aren't needed really. So no need for TWO_TASK or ORACLE_SID, only needed one is ORACLE_HOME and if you get missing/invalid option for your OCILogon set LANG to something else like I did. Someone earlier said it might have to do with UTF8.

So if you are sure lsncrtl are started and that you have the correct env-variables set in your $APACHE_PATH/bin/envvars you can just use something like:

$iDBConn=OCILogon("user","pass","netadmdb");

in your PHP-script and it should work.
Hope this helps someone.
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1
mike at macgirvin.com
15 years ago
Some notes to save somebody some grief:

Installing the Oracle libraries and access module into an existing PHP5 installation on Debian etch without rebuilding php...

First grab the Linux instantclient from oracle.com - you'll also need the client SDK kit. Here I'm using instantclient 11.1

create a directory for these such as /home/oracle and unpack both of them to that directory.

Go into the oracle directory (and into the instantclient_11_1 directory) and create a symlink:

$ ln -s libclntsh.so.11.1 libclntsh.so

Grab the oci8 PECL package and unpack it somewhere (~/oci).

Make sure you have the following packages (in addition to php5, php5-cli, apache2, etc).

php5-dev

libaio1

php-pear


Go to the oci8 directory (~/oci/).

You need to run 'pecl build' once to create the configure script.

$pecl build

But the problem is that pecl build will claim the files are installed and they are not. I wasted half a day on this one. Now go into the oci8-1.3.0 directory and build again by hand:

$ cd oci8-1.3.0

$ ./configure --with-oci8=instantclient,/home/oracle/instantclient_11_1

$ make

Fix any errors/warnings before continuing

Don't make install, which won't work.

$ cp ./modules/oci8.so /usr/lib/php5/20060613+lfs

Replace 20060613+lfs with whatever module directory has been setup for you in /usr/lib/php5

Create /etc/php5/conf.d/oci8.ini:

----

extension=oci8.so

----

Now run the php cmdline in verbose mode (php -v) and see if everything loaded. Fix it if it didn't.

You may need some env variables setup in your /etc/init.d/apache2 file to make everything work and actually execute queries, but a phpinfo() at this point should show your oci8 extension. See the php.net Oracle pages if you need help with the env variables.

Restart the web server

$ /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
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1
david dot reynoldsat at ipl dot com
16 years ago
I had a problem loading php_oci8.dll with php 5.2, Apache, and windows XP - a module not loaded error, on every apache restart.
I eventually found that I had to add the oracle instantclient library path to the %PATH% under SYSTEM and not under USER. Doing that, and then rebooting, fixed the error - as Apache is starting as a service (outside the user setup).
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1
Anonymous
17 years ago
# here's what it took to get it going for me on rhel4 on x86_64 w/ 10gr2 and php5.0.5
# hopefully this will save someone a little grief
# first you must install the 10.2 full client in /app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
# follow all the instructions. This part will be a bitch.

# install the instantclient basic and sdk like this
mkdir -p /usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.2/client/lib
unzip -jd /usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.2/client/lib instantclient-basic-linux-x86-64-10.2.0.2-20060228.zip
mkdir -p /usr/include/oracle/10.2.0.2/client
unzip -jd /usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.2/client instantclient-sdk-linux-x86-64-10.2.0.2-20060228.zip
ln -s /usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.2/client/lib/libclntsh.so.10.1 /usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.2/client/lib/libclntsh.so

# make the full client use instantclient's files
cd /app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
mv lib oldlib
ln -s /usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.2/client/lib lib
ln -s /usr/include/oracle/10.2.0.2/client include

php configure line is: --with-oci8=/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/
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1
Anonymous
21 years ago
Configuring/Compiling PHP as a DSO with Oracle support from source on a Sun Solaris 8 box. We had already installed Oracle 9.2.0 client tools.

1. Make sure the following tools are installed

autoconf
automake
bison
flex
gcc
make
gzip

They can be downloaded from http://www.sunfreeware.com.

2. Make sure Apache is installed with DSO support. We ran the Apache configure/compile like so:

LIBS=-lpthread ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/apache \
--enable-module=most \
--enable-shared=max


make
make install

3. If you haven't already, install the Oracle client tools.
4. Make sure the following environment variables are set correctly and are accessible by all users. We set them in /etc/profile.

ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_BASE
NLS_LANG
ORA_NLS33
ORACLE_TERM
LD_LIBRARY_PATH

(technically, only $ORACLE_HOME is required, but you'll want to set the rest in order to make sure things run smoothly afterward)

5. Make sure '/usr/ccs/bin' is in your path. If not, add it.
6. Unpack PHP source (php-4.2.3):

gunzip php-4.2.3.tar.gz
tar xvf php-4.2.3.tar
cd php-4.2.3


7. Run PHP configure like so :

CC=gcc ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/apache/bin/apxs \
--with-config-file-path=/etc \
--with-mysql \
--enable-ftp \
--with-oci8=/path/to/ORACLE_HOME \
--with-oracle=/path/to/ORACLE_HOME \
--enable-sigchild

8. Run make: make
9. Run this as root: make install
10. Change the LoadModule line in httpd.conf to include the fully qualified path. For us:

LoadModule php4_module /usr/local/apache/libexec/libphp4.so

11. Make sure the PHP files types are recognized in your httpd.conf file:

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps

12. Test the configuration:

/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl configtest

It should return "Syntax OK"

13. Bounce Apache:

/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl restart


14. Here's a simple PHP script to test the setup. If you don't have access to the default tables Oracle provides, change the connections/tablenames/fields to match your setup:

<?php

$db_conn
= ocilogon("scott", "tiger");

$cmdstr = "select ename, sal from emp";
$parsed = ociparse($db_conn, $cmdstr);
ociexecute($parsed);
$nrows = ocifetchstatement($parsed, $results);
echo
"Found: $nrows results<br><br>\n";

echo
"<table border=1 cellspacing='0' width='50%'>\n";
echo
"<tr>\n";
echo
"<td><b>Name</b></td>\n";
echo
"<td><b>Salary</b></td>\n";
echo
"</tr>\n";

for (
$i = 0; $i < $nrows; $i++ ) {
echo
"<tr>\n";
echo
"<td>" . $results["ENAME"][$i] . "</td>";
echo
"<td>$ " . number_format($results["SAL"][$i], 2). "</td>";
echo
"</tr>\n";
}

echo
"</table>\n";

?>
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1
Sergey
11 years ago
Lost a day on trying to make work oci8 & pdo_oci extensions in php-fpm 5.3 on OpenSuSE 12.2 (64bit) with latest oracle instant client 11.2.0.3.0.
Any of two works normally with generic instructions. But both extensions caused crash in oci_connect().

Solution was simple add ORACLE_HOME variable BEFORE running php-fpm.

/etc/profile.d/oracle.sh
#!/bin/bash
ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
NLS_LANG=american_america.utf8
export ORACLE_HOME LD_LIBRARY_PATH NLS_LANG

/etc/init.d/php-fpm
.....
. /etc/rc.status
. /etc/profile.d/oracle.sh # add this after rc.status (note: dot & space)
.....

After "service php-fpm restart" works normally. Hope this helps.
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2
beer at myplace dot now
14 years ago
I was experiencing issues with Unicode characters being saved incorrectly to my ORA 10 DB. Issue was tracked to not having a NLS_LANG environment variable specified - set this correctly in the Apache environment and the issue was resolved.
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2
benstendahl at hotmail dot com
14 years ago
When using PHP on an IIS server (Windows Server 2000+):

After installing the Oracle Instant Client and adding it to the "PATH" Environment Variable, be sure that you also add "Read & Execute" privileges to the Oracle Instant Client directory for the IIS user designated for the site. This is especially necessary if IIS has been hardened using the IIS Lockdown tool (http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd450372(WS.10).aspx) as users must be explicitly granted permissions from the web.
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2
rainer dot klier at gmx dot at
17 years ago
estoreic (note from 15-May-2006 10:54) is right.

there seems to be a problem with the oci8-api-functions in php 4.4.x.

there are error-messages like these in the error_log:
child pid 22297 exit signal Segmentation fault (11)
*** glibc detected *** double free or corruption (out): 0x00000000019f4730 ***
*** glibc detected *** double free or corruption (!prev): 0x0000000001111d90 ***
*** glibc detected *** corrupted double-linked list: 0x0000000001111d50 ***

using php 4.4.x with oracle 10.x is impossible, until you do the following:
1. download latest oci8-package from http://pecl.php.net/package/oci8
2. extract package somewhere
3. go to php-4.4.x-source directory
4. rm -rf ext/oci8
5. cp extraceted oci8-1.2.x directory to/as ext/oci8
6. make distclean
7. ./buildconf --force
8. ./.configure (with the options you need)
9. make
10. only for x86_64:
create pear-install.ini:
-----------------------------------------------
[PHP]

memory_limit = 128M ; Maximum amount of memory a script may consume (8MB)
------------------------------------------------

11. edit Makefile:
replace:
PEAR_INSTALL_FLAGS = -n -dshort_open_tag=0 -dsafe_mode=0
with:
PEAR_INSTALL_FLAGS = -cpear-install.ini -dshort_open_tag=0 -dsafe_mode=0

12. make install

have fun!
oracle connections will work now!
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2
denis dot delamarre at chu-rennes dot fr
18 years ago
php5 + Apache 2 + solaris 2.10 + oracle9i (64bits)

'./configure' '--with-oracle=/prod/dba/oraeve/ora9i' '--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs' '--with-zlib' '--with-gd' '--without-mysql' '--with-oci8=/prod/dba/oraeve/ora9i'

fail with :
ld: fatal : fichier libclntsh.so : wrong elf class : ELFCLASS64

the solution is between ./configure and make command to edit Makefile and replace /ora9i/lib with /ora9i/lib32

all it's ok
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semenov dot v at gmail dot com
4 years ago
CentOS 7 PECL with oci8-2

After documented installation stucks

$ yum install systemtap-sdt-devel
$ export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/include/oracle/XX.X/client64
$ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export $ LD_LIBRARY_PATH
$ export PHP_DTRACE=yes
$ C_INCLUDE_PATH=/usr/include/oracle/XX.X/client64 pecl install oci8
[autodetect]
$ echo extension=oci8.so > /etc/php.d/instantclient.ini
$ systemctl reload https
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1
oddbec_no_more_spam_kthx at online dot no
20 years ago
I had trouble with norwegian characters using oracle 8.7.1 / php 4something and Apache 2.

The only trouble was that '?' appeared instead of the norwegian characters.

The solution to it all was to add this to the apachectl script:

export NLS_LANG="norwegian_norway.WE8ISO8859P1"
export ORACLE_BASE="/home/oracle"
export ORA_NLS33="/home/oracle/ocommon/nls/admin/data"
export ORACLE_TERM="ansi"
export ORACLE_HOME="/home/oracle"
export LANG="no_NO"

I'm not sure if all of these are necessary, but I took no change, and it works now :)
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-1
Wilber
1 year ago
The OCI8 extension lets you access Oracle Database.

Use 'pecl install oci8' to install for PHP 8.1.

Use 'pecl install oci8-3.0.1' to install for PHP 8.0.

Use 'pecl install oci8-2.2.0' to install for PHP 7.

Use 'pecl install oci8-2.0.12' to install for PHP 5.2 - PHP 5.6.

Use 'pecl install oci8-1.4.10' to install for PHP 4.3.9 - PHP 5.1.

[username@hostname ~]# php -v
^ To see PHP version
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0
modir at huanga dot com
12 years ago
For those of you who would like to install this extension on an RedHat/CentOS server. It is actually pretty simple.

Here is what you have to do:
1) Download the following RPM from Oracle: oracle-instantclient11.2-basiclite-11.2.0.2.0.x86_64.rpm (Version number can be newer and check if you need the 64bit version or not). And then install it on the server.

2) yum install php-oci8

3) And as the last step you edit /etc/sysconfig/httpd and write the following line at the end: export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib/ (Attention: Path changes depending on the version you have downloaded from the Oracle website.)
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0
nicodenboer (at) yahoo (dot) com
15 years ago
Hi, I use Oracle Database 10g Express Edition Release
10.2.0.1.0 on a Linux workstation for dev purposes, along
with Apache 2 and PHP5. So far I have used it on Kubuntu 8.04.
To get things working on a recently installed notebook with openSUSE
11.0 was a bit more complicated. So I hope someone will be able to
benefit from our experiences. Here is our howto:

# Use the package manager to install the packages php5-pear and
php5-dev, if not installed yet.

# Download the instantclient_11_1, zip files basic, sdk, sqlplus from the Oracle web site

# Switch to user root here, since not all commands to some work sudo

# Unzip these files to /opt/oracle/.
# As a result you will see a dir instantclient_11_1 appearing.

ln -s /opt/oracle/instantclient_11_1/libclntsh.so.11.1 \
/opt/oracle/instantclient_11_1/libclntsh.so
ln -s /opt/oracle/instantclient_11_1/libclntsh.so.11.1 \
/usr/lib/libclntsh.so
ln -s /opt/oracle/instantclient_11_1/libnnz11.so \
/usr/lib/libnnz11.so
ldconfig # to make sure the system will be able to find the libs

pecl install oci8 # interactively enter option 1,
# then instantclient,/opt/oracle/instantclient_11_1,
# then enter

# if needed, add extension=oci8.so to your php.ini

/etc/init.d/apache2 reload

# finished!

Kind regards,
Nico den Boer
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0
jay dot couture at gmail dot com
17 years ago
# Here's what it took to get it going for me on Red Hat on
# x86_32 w/ 10gr2 and php5.1.2
# I sincerely appreciate all of the other poster's notes.
# It was a combination of a few
# of them to get mine configured. My note should reflect this:

# install the instantclient basic and sdk like this
# note: the original poster had you install into a lib subdirectory,
# but when I tried this it couldn't find the sdk files. So I moved
# the files in lib into the parent directory as
# shown below. Actually I copied them, YMMV
mkdir -p /usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.2/client
unzip -jd /usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.2/client
instantclient-basic-linux-x86-32-10.2.0.2-20060331.zip
mkdir -p /usr/include/oracle/10.2.0.2/client
unzip -jd /usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.2/client
instantclient-sdk-linux-x86-32-10.2.0.2-20060331.zip
ln -s /usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.2/client/libclntsh.so.10.1
/usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.2/client/libclntsh.so

# make the full client use instantclient's files
cd /app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
mv lib oldlib
ln -s /usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.2/client/lib lib
ln -s /usr/include/oracle/10.2.0.2/client include

#php configure line is:
./configure --with-oci8=instantclient,/usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.2/client

# I had to do this, or the OCI8 would not compile when
# I ran make on PHP5.1.2 I did not do this originally when I
# had the files in the lib sudirectory (see my note above) so
# that may be the true issue.
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.2/client:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

make

make install

#In apache2 edit the envvars and add
LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/apache2/lib:
/usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.2/client:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
TNS_ADMIN="/usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.2/client"
LANG=en_US
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH LANG TNS_ADMIN

#Restart Apache

Jay
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MSapp
18 years ago
Problems compiling 5.0.4 with Oracle Instant Client 10? (i.e. cannot find -lirc)

Remove the "-lirc" from sdk/demo/sysliblist and rerun configure.
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kucerar at hhmi dot org
19 years ago
Great Solaris patch! Finally built. Here's some tips on connecting:

Just made this on solaris8 32bit, actually works.

1) put everything in one directory
2) unsetenv ORACLE_HOME
3) set the env vars LD_LIBRARY_PATH and SQLPATH and TNS_ADMIN(if you have it) to that directory.
4) use one of the other easy connection notations here

http://www.oracle.com/technology/
docs/tech/sql_plus/10102/readme_ic.htm

These env vars worked when put at the top of apachectl script as well.

To build you may have to fake it out with an ORACLE_HOME var, but unset it later. You may also have to fake out the build by putting header files where it is looking for them, e.g. in the rdbms/demo directory or some such other place.

When running though, make sure you have only the files required in only one directory.

Oracle has not put up a link to the 32bit solaris sqlplus--you have to guess it--it's there though:

http://download.oracle.com/otn/solaris/instantclient/
instantclient-sqlplus-solaris32-10.1.0.3.zip

...and don't forget to add ".world" on to the end of your SID. It's very common to have to specify DBNAME.WORLD to connect.
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mark at magpies dot net
19 years ago
For those trying to use the Oracle Instant Client 10g in a win32 environment, heres a nice easy howto. If you fully read the docs properly and understand what your reading you will be able to set it up, but if like me you want a quick easy fix, heres how I did it.

1. Download and install the Oracle Instant Client to where ever (lets say c:\ora\client )
2. Add your connect info, copy a previously created or provided tnsnames.ora file to the above directory.
3. Change Path in the Environment Variables area to add this directory to the path. ie. c:\ora\client;%SystemRoot%;<and so on>
4. Open regedit and add a Key called ORACLE to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE
5. To the ORACLE key add a string value called TNS_ADMIN and assign it the directory above (ie. c:\ora\client ) So you end up with KEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\TNS_ADMIN = c:\ora\client
6. Set php to use Oci8 extension and bobs your uncle
7. Reboot.

Option 7 was required as the oci8 extension or php wouldn't pick up the path change. Also my problem was how to use other programs like sqlplus without creating extra Environment Variables etc the TNS_ADMIN / tnsnames.ora part makes that simpler and allows you to call things the same as you would before.

PS: This should apply to all the Instant Clients. I haven't tried it with any others but 10g though.

Hope this helps.
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ed000001 at hotmail dot com
19 years ago
If you get your connectivity working with putenv on ORACLE_SID and ORACLE_HOME, but you do not want to use putenv because you want safemode on. You will need to pass these from your environment variables. Somehow setenv in httpd.conf did not do the trick for me... the values are set but the connectivity does not work. Then you will need to set the environment in your /etc/init.d/apachectl or /etc/profile and use a "PassEnv ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID" directive in httpd.conf so that these variables are picked up by php.

However, when you suexec in Apache 2.0, the server will only allow you to pass a given set of variables which are defined in the apache source code in the file apache-dir/support/suexec.c

In order to pass ORACLE_SID and ORACLE_HOME to PHP you need to add these to that file. The relevant changed piece of code where I added "ORACLE_" looks something like this:

char *safe_env_lst[] =
{
/* variable name starts with */
"HTTP_",
"SSL_",
"ORACLE_",

/* variable name is */
...

You will have to do a "make clean", "./configure", "make", "make install". Do not forget to do the "make clean" or the apache changes will not be picked up.

Here is a nice php test script :)

<?php // test-oracle.php

function dump_array($a_value)
{
reset($a_value);
for (
$s_str = '' ; list($s_key, $x_value) = each($a_value) ; )
{
$s_str .= "&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;".
"<span style=\"color:green\">[</span>$s_key<span style=\"color:green\">]</span> = ".
"<span style=\"color:red\">[</span>$x_value<span style=\"color:red\">]</span><br />";
}
reset($a_value);
echo
$s_str;
}

#putenv("ORACLE_SID=ORTD");
#putenv("ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/9.2.0.1.0");
$ORACLE_SID = getenv("ORACLE_SID");
$ORACLE_HOME = getenv("ORACLE_HOME");
echo
"ORACLE_SID = $ORACLE_SID<br>";
echo
"ORACLE_HOME = $ORACLE_HOME<br>";

$cn = ociplogon('scott', 'tiger');
echo
"cn = $cn<br />\n";
$st = ociparse($cn, "select tname from tab");
echo
"st = $st<br />\n";
$ex = ociexecute($st,OCI_COMMIT_ON_SUCCESS);
echo
"ex = $ex<br />\n";
$mr = ocifetchinto($st,$xx,OCI_ASSOC);
while (
$mr )
{
dump_array($xx);
$mr = ocifetchinto($st,$xx,OCI_ASSOC);
}
$fr = ocifreestatement($st);
echo
"fr = $fr<br />";
ocicommit($cn);
ocilogoff($cn);
?>
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aleigh at tessier dot com
20 years ago
Warning: ocilogon(): _oci_open_session: OCIHandleAlloc OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX: OCI_INVALID_HANDLE can also be caused by running the webserver with an ORACLE_HOME of a (radically?) different version than PHP was linked against.

I experienced this when I accidently used an Oracle 8 ORACLE_HOME for a PHP that was linked against Oracle 9.
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-1
wingjeeplau at gmail dot com
10 years ago
In Ubuntu the setting is in file /etc/apache2/envvars
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kakukkfu at mailbox dot hu
21 years ago
Better to insert needed variables into apache(!) (or your webserver - respectively) start script.

For example on UNIX systems /etc/init.d/apache would contain following lines before anything else:

#!/bin/bash

if [ -f ~oracle/.profile ]; then
source ~oracle/.profile
fi

The ~oracle/.profile has the appropiate settings to start an Oracle database so it is always up-to-date for PHP, too. (If settings are changed, don't forget to restart your webserver.) This way you just no need to worry what to include or define for PHP.
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Marinne at ilovechocolate dot com
22 years ago
One simple but useful note:check whether your TNS Listener is running! By default, it's not started automatically when an Oracle instance is started. Login as oracle then type :

lsnrctl START

After it's started, I can sucessfully run the sample code on this page! I used to got ora-12514 error before doing this.
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bluei at phpworld dot org
23 years ago
check your tnsnames.ora permission.

ex)
ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/oracle

chmod 755 /home/oracle/oracle/network/admin -R

Yahoo!!!!!! I solved it!!!
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shmengie_2000 at yahoo dot com
23 years ago
couple of notes about startup/shutdown on linux: (redhat, maybe others)

export LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/libpthread.so

Caused the start/stop script to fail to stop the httpd process.
The LD_PRELOAD environment var caused the 'ps' command to core dump. I went bald figuring that out.

Easiest fix I could think of was to move all the oracle/php varialble exports so they are only set in the start section of the httpd script.

Never thought setting those vars globally in the script would cause problems. That's what I get for thinking...

One other note: Make sure the httpd process is shutdown before Oracle.

eg:
/etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K15httpd
/etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K25Oracle

Lingering connections to oracle may cause shutdown to take forever.

gl & hf

-Joe
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john at john-warner dot com
21 years ago
In addition to the earlier posts here is a further explaination;

Problem: Regular and Remote authentication does not work using Windows 2000 + PHP and Oracle 8i, 9i.

Secondary Issue if using Oracle 9.2.0.1
When using Oracle 9.2.0.1 the Error structure returned by Oracle is different than expected by PHP. As a result there will be no legible error message other than the following;
Warning: _oci_open_server: in ...

Using Oracle 9.0.1.1 the error message returned is any of the following depending on your situation;

Warning: _oci_open_server: ORA-12638: Credential retrieval failed in ...
Warning: _oci_open_server: ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve service name in ...
Warning: _oci_open_server: ORA-12505: TNS:listener could not resolve SID given in connect descriptor in ...

Resolution:
In order to get this to work properly you need to do the following;
In reference to ORA-12638: Credential retrieval failed in ...
you need to edit your sqlnet.ora file and change the
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES = (NTS) to
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES = (NONE)
The reason is that using NTS validation on a Windows 2000 machine essentially means Kerberos.
Using (NONE) will tell oracle not to expect kerberos "Credentials" as a means of validation. In turn it will use the oracle authentication for a database user.

In reference to ORA-12154 and ORA-12505 you need to do the following;
In your php code you are using to connect you need to copy the section in tnsnames.ora
into a variable.
For example;
<?php
putenv
("ORACLE_SID=TESTDB");
//putenv("ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/ora90");
//putenv("TNS_ADMIN=/oracle/ora90/network/admin");
$username = "scott";
$passwd = "tiger";
$db="(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS_LIST=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)
(HOST=yourTargetMachine)(PORT=1521)
)
)
(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=TESTDB))
)"
;
$conn = OCILogon($username,$passwd,$db);
if (!
$conn)
{
echo
"Connection failed";
echo
"Error Message: [" . OCIError($conn) . "]";
exit;
}
else
{
echo
"Connected!";
}
...
?>
I left the ORACLE_HOME and TNS_ADMIN putenv lines commented out and your need for them depends on which web server you are using. If you are using Apache, you may need both.
If you are using Microsoft IIS you may need ORACLE_HOME. Putting it in can't hurt and it appears PHP may read them if they are there but either way you should be working at this
point.

Live long and prosper.
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