fgets

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

fgets — Prende una riga da un puntatore a file

Descrizione

fgets(resource $handle, int $length): string

Restituisce una stringa di length - 1 byte letti dal file puntato da handle. La lettura termina quando sono stati letti length - 1 byte, oppure si incontra il carattere di newline (che viene incluso nel valore restituito), oppure alla fine del file (EOF) qualora giunga prima. Se non si specifica length, si assume come default 1k, o 1024 byte.

Se si verifica un errore, la funzione restituisce false.

Errori comuni:

Le persone abituate alla semantica 'C' di fgets notino la differenza nel trattamento dell'EOF.

Il puntatore al file deve essere valido, e deve puntare ad un file aperto con successo da fopen() o fsockopen() (e non ancora chiuso da fclose()).

Segue un semplice esempio:

Example #1 Legge un file riga per riga

<?php
$handle = fopen("/tmp/inputfile.txt", "r");
while (!feof($handle)) {
    $buffer = fgets($fd, 4096);
    echo $buffer;
}
fclose($handle);
?>

Nota: Il parametro length è diventato opzionale a partire da PHP 4.2.0, se omesso, si assume come lunghezza della linea 1024. A partire dalla versione 4.3, l'omissione del parametro length comporta la lettura del flusso d'ingresso sino al raggiungimento della fine della linea. Se la maggior parte delle righe lette dal file hanno dimensione superiore a 8KB, è più efficiente specificare la lunghezza massima della linea.

Nota: A partire da PHP 4.3 questa funzione è 'binary safe'. Le versioni precedenti non lo sono.

Nota: Se si hanno problemi con il PHP che non riconosce i fine linea leggendo file creati o ospitati su un computer Macintosh, si può abilitare l'opzione auto_detect_line_endings della configurazione di runtime.

Vedere anche fread(), fgetc(), stream_get_line(), fopen(), popen(), fsockopen() e stream_set_timeout().

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User Contributed Notes 31 notes

down

Leigh Purdie ¶

9 years ago

A better example, to illustrate the differences in speed for large files, between fgets and stream_get_line.

This example simulates situations where you are reading potentially very long lines, of an uncertain length (but with a maximum buffer size), from an input source.

As Dade pointed out, the previous example I provided was much to easy to pick apart, and did not adequately highlight the issue I was trying to address.

Note that specifying a definitive end-character for fgets (ie: newline), generally decreases the speed difference reasonably significantly. 

#!/usr/bin/php
<?php
        $plaintext=file_get_contents('http://loripsum.net/api/60/verylong/plaintext');  # Should be around 90k characters
        $plaintext=str_replace("\n"," ",$plaintext); # Get rid of newlines

        $fp=fopen("/tmp/SourceFile.txt","w");
        for($i=0;$i<100000;$i++) {
                fputs($fp,substr($plaintext,0,rand(4096,65534)) . "\n");
        }
        fclose($fp);

        $fp=fopen("/tmp/SourceFile.txt","r");
        $start=microtime(true);
        while($line=fgets($fp,65535)) {
                1;
        }
        $end=microtime(true);
        fclose($fp);
        $delta1=($end - $start);

        $fp=fopen("/tmp/SourceFile.txt","r");
        $start=microtime(true);
        while($line=stream_get_line($fp,65535)) {
                1;
        }
        $end=microtime(true);
        fclose($fp);
        $delta2=($end - $start);

        $pdiff=$delta1/$delta2;
        print "stream_get_line is " . ($pdiff>1?"faster":"slower") . " than fgets - pdiff is $pdiff\n";
?>

$ ./testcase.php 
stream_get_line is faster than fgets - pdiff is 1.760398041785

Note that, in a vast majority of situations in which php is employed, tiny differences in speed between system calls are of negligible importance.

down

Anonymous ¶

4 years ago

if you for some reason need to get lines from a string instead of a file pointer, try

<?php
function string_gets(string $source, int $offset = 0, string $delimiter = "\n"): ?string
{
    $len = strlen($source);
    if ($len < $offset) {
        // out of bounds.. maybe i should throw an exception
        return null;
    }
    if ($len === $offset) {
        // end of string..
        return null;
    }
    $delimiter_pos = strpos($source, $delimiter, $offset);
    if ($delimiter_pos === false) {
        // last line.
        return substr($source, $offset);
    }
    return substr($source, $offset, ($delimiter_pos - $offset) + strlen($delimiter));
}

?>

(i had a ~16GB string in-memory i needed to process line-by-line, but i would get memory-allocation-crash (on a 32GB ram system) if i tried explode("\n",$str); , so came up with this.. interestingly, fgets() seems to be faster than doing it in-ram-in-php, though. php 7.3.7)

down

David at Weintraub.name ¶

17 years ago

There's an error in the documentation:

The file pointer must be valid, and must point to a file successfully opened by fopen() or fsockopen() (and not yet closed by fclose()).

You should also add "popen" and "pclose" to the documentation. I'm a new PHP developer and went to verify that I could use "fgets" on commands that I used with "popen".

down

Peter Schlaile ¶

17 years ago

fscanf($file, "%s\n") isn't really a good substitution for fgets(), since it will stop parsing at the first whitespace and not at the end of line!

(See the fscanf page for details on this)

down

tavernadelleidee[italy] ¶

18 years ago

I think that the quickest way of read a (long) file with the rows in  reverse order is

<?php
$myfile = 'myfile.txt';
$command = "tac $myfile > /tmp/myfilereversed.txt";
passthru($command);
$ic = 0;
$ic_max = 100;  // stops after this number of rows
$handle = fopen("/tmp/myfilereversed.txt", "r");
while (!feof($handle) && ++$ic<=$ic_max) {
   $buffer = fgets($handle, 4096);
   echo $buffer."<br>";
}
fclose($handle);
?>

It echos the rows while it is reading the file so it is good for long files like logs.

Borgonovo

down

afwxkat at gmail dot com ¶

15 years ago

One thing I discovered with fgets, at least with PHP 5.1.6, is that you may have to use an IF statement to avoid your code running rampant (and possibly hanging the server).  This can cause problems if you do not have root access on the server on which you are working.



This is the code I have implemented ($F1 is an array):



<?php

   if($fh = fopen("filename","r")){

      while (!feof($fh)){

         $F1[] = fgets($fh,9999);

      }

      fclose($fh);

    }

?>



I have noticed that without the IF statement, fgets seems to ignore when $fh is undefined (i.e., "filename" does not exist).  If that happens, it will keep attempting to read from a nonexistent filehandle until the process can be administratively killed or the server hangs, whichever comes first.

down

anacreo has gmail ¶

17 years ago

I'm using this function to modify the header of a large postscript document on copy...  Works extremely quickly so far...

function write($filename) {
     $fh = fopen($this->sourceps,'r');
     $fw = fopen($filename,'w');

     while (!feof($fh)) {
       $buffer = fgets($fh);
       fwrite($fw,$buffer);
       if (!$setupfound && ereg("^%%BeginSetup",$buffer)) {
         $setupfound++;
         if (array_key_exists("$filename",$this->output)) {
           foreach ($this->output[$filename] as $function => $value) {
             fwrite($fw,$value);
           }
         }
         stream_copy_to_stream($fh,$fw);
       }
     }
     fclose($fw);
     fclose($fh);
   }

down

angelo [at] mandato <dot> com ¶

20 years ago

Sometimes the strings you want to read from a file are not separated by an end of line character.  the C style getline() function solves this.  Here is my version:
<?php
function getline( $fp, $delim )
{
    $result = "";
    while( !feof( $fp ) )
    {
        $tmp = fgetc( $fp );
        if( $tmp == $delim )
            return $result;
        $result .= $tmp;
    }
    return $result;
}

// Example:
$fp = fopen("/path/to/file.ext", 'r');
while( !feof($fp) )
{
    $str = getline($fp, '|');
    // Do something with $str
}
fclose($fp);
?>

down

-1

d at foo.com ¶

18 years ago

For sockets, If you dont want fgets, fgetc etc... to block if theres no data there. set socket_set_blocking(handle,false); and socket_set_blocking(handle,true); to set it back again.

down

-1

sam dot bryan at montal dot com ¶

18 years ago

An easy way to authenticate Windows Domain users from scripts running on a non-Windows or non-Domain box - pass the submitted username and password to an IMAP service on a Windows machine.

<?php
$server = 'imapserver';
$user = 'user';
$pass = 'pass';

if (authIMAP($user, $pass, $server)) {
    echo "yay";
} else {
    echo "nay";
}

function authIMAP($user, $pass, $server) {
    $connection = fsockopen($server, 143, $errno, $errstr, 30);

    if(!$connection) return false;

    $output = fgets($connection, 128); // banner
    fputs($connection, "1 login $user $pass\r\n");
    $output = fgets($connection, 128);
    fputs($connection, "2 logout\r\n");
    fclose($connection);

    if (substr($output, 0, 4) == '1 OK') return true;

    return false;
}
?>

down

-1

Carlo ¶

6 years ago

Error in the example number 1 of this page.

change this line:
    $buffer = fgets($fd, 4096);
into:
    $buffer = fgets($handle, 4096);

down

-3

Leigh Purdie ¶

16 years ago

For large files, consider using stream_get_line rather than fgets - it can make a significant difference.

$ time yes "This is a test line" | head -1000000 | php -r '$fp=fopen("php://stdin","r"); while($line=stream_get_line($fp,65535,"\n")) { 1; } fclose($fp);'

real    0m1.482s
user    0m1.616s
sys    0m0.152s

$ time yes "This is a test line" | head -1000000 | php -r '$fp=fopen("php://stdin","r"); while($line=fgets($fp,65535)) { 1; } fclose($fp);'

real    0m7.281s
user    0m7.392s
sys    0m0.136s

down

-1

dandrews OVER AT 3dohio DOT com ¶

19 years ago

Saku's example may also be used like this:

<?php
 @ $pointer = fopen("$DOCUMENT_ROOT/foo.txt", "r"); // the @ suppresses errors so you have to test the pointer for existence
   if ($pointer) {
     while (!feof($pointer)) {
         $preTEXT = fgets($pointer, 999);
         // $TEXT .= $preTEXT;  this is better for a string
        $ATEXT[$I] = $preTEXT;  // maybe better as an array
        $I++;
     }
     fclose($pointer);
   }
?>

down

-2

Anonymous ¶

18 years ago

Macintosh line endings mentioned in docs refer to Mac OS Classic. You don't need this setting for interoperability with unixish OS X.

down

-2

ecvej ¶

18 years ago

I would have expected the same behaviour from these bits of code:-

<?php

/*This times out correctly*/
while (!feof($fp)) {
    echo fgets($fp);
}

/*This times out before eof*/
while ($line=fgets($fp)) {
    echo $line;
}

/*A reasonable fix is to set a long timeout*/
stream_set_timeout($fp, 180);
while ($line=fgets($fp)) {
    echo $line;
}
?>

down

-3

bfb1985 at yahoo dot es ¶

8 years ago

I had loads of trouble while reading with fgets on a WAMP (Windows server). On local the file went unto a <pre> tag without a hitch, but when I moved the code to a LAMP production server, every \r\n created two fgets and I got free empty lines.

I tried deleting with $string=str_replace("\r\n","\n",$string); but it had no effect whatsoever. The solution was to do an fread() and explode the contents by PHP_EOL and do a foreach($lines as $line) so every line did not get duplicated.

Here is the example code:

$file=fopen("test.txt,"r");
$text=fread($file,filesize("test.txt"));
$lines=explode(PHP_EOL,$text);
foreach($lines as $line)
  {
  // Do something
  }

down

-3

kpeters AT-AT monolithss DEE OH TEE com ¶

18 years ago

It appears that fgets() will return FALSE on EOF (before feof has a chance to read it), so this code will throw an exception:

while (!feof($fh)) {
  $line = fgets($fh);
  if ($line === false) {
    throw new Exception("File read error");
  }
}

down

-3

lzsiga at freemail.c3.hu ¶

14 years ago

Some people try to call feof before fgets, and then ignoring the return value of fgets. This method leads to processing value FALSE when reaching the end of file.

Bad example:
<?php
    $f = fopen ("fgetstest.php", "r");
    $ln= 0;
    while (! feof ($f)) {
        $line= fgets ($f);
        ++$ln;
        printf ("%2d: ", $ln);
        if ($line===FALSE) print ("FALSE\n");
        else print ($line);
    }
    fclose ($f);
?>

Good example:
<?php
    $f = fopen ("fgetstest.php", "r");
    $ln= 0;
    while ($line= fgets ($f)) {
        ++$ln;
        printf ("%2d: ", $ln);
        if ($line===FALSE) print ("FALSE\n");
        else print ($line);
    }
    fclose ($f);
?>

down

-3

Anonymous ¶

6 years ago

<form>
<input type='text' name='filepath' value='<?php echo ((isset($_GET["filepath"])) ? $_GET["filepath"] : "");?>'>
<br>
<select name='sel'>
    <option value='var1' <?php echo ((isset($_GET["sel"]) && $_GET["sel"] == "var1") ? "selected=true" : "");?>> For Year</option> 
    <option value='var2' <?php echo ((isset($_GET["sel"]) && $_GET["sel"] == "var2") ? "selected=true" : "");?>>Name</option>
    <option value='var3' <?php echo ((isset($_GET["sel"]) && $_GET["sel"] == "var3") ? "selected=true" : "");?>>Name&Year</option>
</select>
<br>
<input type='submit' value='Button'>

</form>

<?php

if((!isset($_GET['filepath']) || !file_exists($_GET['filepath'])) || !isset($_GET['sel']))
    exit("");

echo "List<br>";
$fullPath = "D:\\OSPanel\\domains\\" . $_GET["filepath"];
$f = fopen($fullPath, "r");
$arr;
for($i = 0; $str = fgets($f); $i++){
    $tempArr0 = explode('-', $str);
    $arr[$i][0] = trim($tempArr0[0]);
    $arr[$i][1] = trim($tempArr0[1]);
}

if($_GET["sel"] == "var1"){
    sort($arr);
    echo "<p>";
    for($i = 0; $i < count($arr); $i++)
        echo "<i>{$arr[$i][0]}</i>; ";
    echo "</p>";
}
else if($_GET["sel"] == "var2"){
    for($i = 0; $i < count($arr); $i++)
        echo "<p><b>{$arr[$i][1]}</b></p>"; 
}
else if($_GET["sel"] == "var3"){
    for($i = 0; $i < count($arr); $i++)
        echo "<p><b>{$arr[$i][1]}</b>: <i>{$arr[$i][0]}</i></p>"; 
}

?>

down

-2

lelkesa ¶

20 years ago

Note that - afaik - fgets reads a line until it reaches a line feed (\\n). Carriage returns (\\r) aren't processed as line endings.
However, nl2br insterts a <br /> tag before carriage returns as well.
This is useful (but not nice - I must admit) when you want to store a more lines in one.
<?php
function write_lines($text) {
  $file = fopen('data.txt', 'a');
  fwrite($file, str_replace("\n", ' ', $text)."\n");
  fclose($file);
}

function read_all() {
  $file = fopen('data.txt', 'r');
  while (!feof($file)) {
    $line = fgets($file);
    echo '<u>Section</u><p>nl2br'.($line).'</p>';
  }
  fclose($file);
}
?>

Try it.

down

-2

Anonymous ¶

20 years ago

If you need to simulate an un-buffered fgets so that stdin doesnt hang there waiting for some input (i.e. it reads only if there is data available) use this :
<?php

    function fgets_u($pStdn) {

            $pArr = array($pStdn);

        if (false === ($num_changed_streams = stream_select($pArr, $write = NULL, $except = NULL, 0))) {
            print("\$ 001 Socket Error : UNABLE TO WATCH STDIN.\n");
            return FALSE;
        } elseif ($num_changed_streams > 0) {
                return trim(fgets($pStdn, 1024));
        }
            
    }

?>

down

-5

Dade Brandon ¶

11 years ago

Regarding Leigh Purdie's comment (from 4 years ago) about stream_get_line being better for large files, I decided to test this in case it was optimized since then and I found out that Leigh's comment is just completely incorrect

fgets actually has a small amount of better performance, but the test Leigh did was not set up to produce good results

The suggested test was:

$ time yes "This is a test line" | head -1000000 | php -r '$fp=fopen("php://stdin","r"); while($line=stream_get_line($fp,65535,"\n")) { 1; } fclose($fp);'

0m1.616s

$ time yes "This is a test line" | head -1000000 | php -r '$fp=fopen("php://stdin","r"); while($line=fgets($fp,65535)) { 1; } fclose($fp);'

0m7.392s

The reason this is invalid is because the buffer size of 65535 is completely unnecessary

piping the output of "yes 'this is a test line'" in to PHP makes each line 19 characters plus the delimiter

so while I don't know why stream_get_line performs better with an oversize buffer, if both buffer sizes are correct, or default, they have a negligable performance difference - although notably, stream_get_line is consistent - however if you're thinking of switching, make sure to be aware of the difference between the two functions, that stream_get_line does NOT append the delimiter, and fgets DOES append the delimiter

Here are the results on one of my servers:

Buffer size 65535
stream_get_line:    0.340s
fgets:   2.392s

Buffer size of 1024
stream_get_line:  0m0.348s
fgets: 0.404s

Buffer size of 8192 (the default for both)
stream_get_line: 0.348s
fgets:  0.552s

Buffer size of 100:
stream_get_line: 0.332s
fgets: 0.368s

down

-3

svayn at yahoo dot com ¶

18 years ago

fgets is SLOW for scanning through large files. If you don't have PHP 5, use fscanf($file, "%s\n") instead.

down

-3

Daniel Klein ¶

16 years ago

The file pointer that fgets() uses can also be created with the proc_open() function and used with the stdout pipe created from the executed process.

down

-3

timr ¶

20 years ago

If you need to read an entire file into a string, use file_get_contents().  fgets() is most useful when you need to process the lines of a file separately.

down

-3

dan at censornet dot com ¶

12 years ago

WARNING! fgets() and I presume any read() call to a file handle, e.g.

  while(!feof(STDIN)) {
    $line = fgets(STDIN);

    ...do something useful with $line...
  }

...will result in a timeout after a default time of 60 seconds on my install. This behavior is non standard (not POSIX like) and seems to me to be a bug, or if not a major caveat which should be documented more clearly.

After the timeout fgets() will return FALSE (=== FALSE), however, you can check to see if the stream (file handle) has really closed by checking feof($stream), e.g.

  while(!feof(STDIN)) {
    $line = fgets(STDIN);

    if($line === FALSE) {
      if(feof(STDIN)) {
        break;
      }
      continue;
    }
  
    ...do something useful with $line...
  }

down

-2

alex at alex-at dot ru ¶

9 years ago

For anyone who wants a proper non-blocking fgets for sockets, there is a tiny snippet that does just that (performance should be horrible compared to fgets though):

<?php
function read_line_nb($handle)
{
    static $buffer = '';
    static $lastOffset = 0;

    $buffer .= fread($handle, 0x1000);
    if (preg_match('#\\R#', $buffer, $m, PREG_OFFSET_CAPTURE, $lastOffset)) {
        $line = substr($buffer, 0, $m[0][1] + strlen($m[0][0]));
        $buffer = substr($buffer, $m[0][1] + strlen($m[0][0]));
        return $line;
    }
    $lastOffset = strlen($buffer);
    return false;
}
?>

down

-4

hackajar <matt> yahoo <trot> com ¶

18 years ago

When working with VERY large files, php tends to fall over sideways and die.  

Here is a neat way to pull chunks out of a file very fast and won't stop in mid line, but rater at end of last known line.  It pulled a 30+ million line 900meg file through in ~ 24 seconds.

NOTE: 
$buf just hold current chunk of data to work with.  If you try "$buf .=" (note 'dot' in from of '=') to append $buff, script will come to grinding crawl around 100megs of data, so work with current data then move on!

//File to be opened
$file = "huge.file";
//Open file (DON'T USE a+ pointer will be wrong!)
$fp = fopen($file, 'r');
//Read 16meg chunks
$read = 16777216;
//\n Marker
$part = 0;

while(!feof($fp)) {
    $rbuf = fread($fp, $read);
    for($i=$read;$i > 0 || $n == chr(10);$i--) {
        $n=substr($rbuf, $i, 1);
        if($n == chr(10))break;
        //If we are at the end of the file, just grab the rest and stop loop
        elseif(feof($fp)) {
            $i = $read;
            $buf = substr($rbuf, 0, $i+1);
            break;
        }
    }
    //This is the buffer we want to do stuff with, maybe thow to a function?
    $buf = substr($rbuf, 0, $i+1);
    //Point marker back to last \n point
    $part = ftell($fp)-($read-($i+1));
    fseek($fp, $part);
}
fclose($fp);

down

-2

zsjpxah ¶

5 years ago

It's strange no one mentions "0" in this context.

Since "0" is considered to be false, a line with a single "0" can be treated as EOF if using the while assign idiom.

while ($line = fgets(STDIN, 2)) {
}

This may surprisingly break if a line starts with ")"

down

-4

bogdan at insightmed dot eu ¶

8 years ago

Even if  this is not really related to PHP and its internals take care when using fgets for reading input from CLI on Linux systems as it may behave unexpected because of the limitations of arguments length on these systems. For example doing rtrim(fgets(STDIN), "\n") on a user input larger than 4095 characters will cut the the input string to 4095 characters. This shortcoming can be solved using "stty -icanon" before the script run, followed by a "stty icanon" after the script is run.

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-4

hgs at cs dot columbia dot edu ¶

13 years ago

There seems to be an interaction between sockets and the auto_detect_line_endings setting that can cause rather peculiar behavior. Apparently, if the first line read from a socket is split across two TCP packets, the detector will look at the first TCP packet and determine that the system uses MacOS (\r) line endings, even though the LF is contained in the next packet. For example, this affected the PEAR Net_SMTP package, which would fail mysteriously for only some email servers.

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