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fgets

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

fgetsPrende una riga da un puntatore a file

Descrizione

fgets(resource $handle, int $length): string

Restituisce una stringa di length - 1 byte letti dal file puntato da handle. La lettura termina quando sono stati letti length - 1 byte, oppure si incontra il carattere di newline (che viene incluso nel valore restituito), oppure alla fine del file (EOF) qualora giunga prima. Se non si specifica length, si assume come default 1k, o 1024 byte.

Se si verifica un errore, la funzione restituisce false.

Errori comuni:

Le persone abituate alla semantica 'C' di fgets notino la differenza nel trattamento dell'EOF.

Il puntatore al file deve essere valido, e deve puntare ad un file aperto con successo da fopen() o fsockopen() (e non ancora chiuso da fclose()).

Segue un semplice esempio:

Example #1 Legge un file riga per riga

<?php
$handle
= fopen("/tmp/inputfile.txt", "r");
while (!
feof($handle)) {
$buffer = fgets($fd, 4096);
echo
$buffer;
}
fclose($handle);
?>

Nota: Il parametro length è diventato opzionale a partire da PHP 4.2.0, se omesso, si assume come lunghezza della linea 1024. A partire dalla versione 4.3, l'omissione del parametro length comporta la lettura del flusso d'ingresso sino al raggiungimento della fine della linea. Se la maggior parte delle righe lette dal file hanno dimensione superiore a 8KB, è più efficiente specificare la lunghezza massima della linea.

Nota: A partire da PHP 4.3 questa funzione è 'binary safe'. Le versioni precedenti non lo sono.

Nota: Se si hanno problemi con il PHP che non riconosce i fine linea leggendo file creati o ospitati su un computer Macintosh, si può abilitare l'opzione auto_detect_line_endings della configurazione di runtime.

Vedere anche fread(), fgetc(), stream_get_line(), fopen(), popen(), fsockopen() e stream_set_timeout().

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User Contributed Notes 5 notes

up
20
Leigh Purdie
9 years ago
A better example, to illustrate the differences in speed for large files, between fgets and stream_get_line.

This example simulates situations where you are reading potentially very long lines, of an uncertain length (but with a maximum buffer size), from an input source.

As Dade pointed out, the previous example I provided was much to easy to pick apart, and did not adequately highlight the issue I was trying to address.

Note that specifying a definitive end-character for fgets (ie: newline), generally decreases the speed difference reasonably significantly.

#!/usr/bin/php
<?php
$plaintext
=file_get_contents('http://loripsum.net/api/60/verylong/plaintext'); # Should be around 90k characters
$plaintext=str_replace("\n"," ",$plaintext); # Get rid of newlines

$fp=fopen("/tmp/SourceFile.txt","w");
for(
$i=0;$i<100000;$i++) {
fputs($fp,substr($plaintext,0,rand(4096,65534)) . "\n");
}
fclose($fp);

$fp=fopen("/tmp/SourceFile.txt","r");
$start=microtime(true);
while(
$line=fgets($fp,65535)) {
1;
}
$end=microtime(true);
fclose($fp);
$delta1=($end - $start);

$fp=fopen("/tmp/SourceFile.txt","r");
$start=microtime(true);
while(
$line=stream_get_line($fp,65535)) {
1;
}
$end=microtime(true);
fclose($fp);
$delta2=($end - $start);

$pdiff=$delta1/$delta2;
print
"stream_get_line is " . ($pdiff>1?"faster":"slower") . " than fgets - pdiff is $pdiff\n";
?>

$ ./testcase.php
stream_get_line is faster than fgets - pdiff is 1.760398041785

Note that, in a vast majority of situations in which php is employed, tiny differences in speed between system calls are of negligible importance.
up
3
Anonymous
4 years ago
if you for some reason need to get lines from a string instead of a file pointer, try

<?php
function string_gets(string $source, int $offset = 0, string $delimiter = "\n"): ?string
{
$len = strlen($source);
if (
$len < $offset) {
// out of bounds.. maybe i should throw an exception
return null;
}
if (
$len === $offset) {
// end of string..
return null;
}
$delimiter_pos = strpos($source, $delimiter, $offset);
if (
$delimiter_pos === false) {
// last line.
return substr($source, $offset);
}
return
substr($source, $offset, ($delimiter_pos - $offset) + strlen($delimiter));
}

?>

(i had a ~16GB string in-memory i needed to process line-by-line, but i would get memory-allocation-crash (on a 32GB ram system) if i tried explode("\n",$str); , so came up with this.. interestingly, fgets() seems to be faster than doing it in-ram-in-php, though. php 7.3.7)
up
4
David at Weintraub.name
17 years ago
There's an error in the documentation:

The file pointer must be valid, and must point to a file successfully opened by fopen() or fsockopen() (and not yet closed by fclose()).

You should also add "popen" and "pclose" to the documentation. I'm a new PHP developer and went to verify that I could use "fgets" on commands that I used with "popen".
up
2
Peter Schlaile
17 years ago
fscanf($file, "%s\n") isn't really a good substitution for fgets(), since it will stop parsing at the first whitespace and not at the end of line!

(See the fscanf page for details on this)
up
1
tavernadelleidee[italy]
18 years ago
I think that the quickest way of read a (long) file with the rows in reverse order is

<?php
$myfile
= 'myfile.txt';
$command = "tac $myfile > /tmp/myfilereversed.txt";
passthru($command);
$ic = 0;
$ic_max = 100; // stops after this number of rows
$handle = fopen("/tmp/myfilereversed.txt", "r");
while (!
feof($handle) && ++$ic<=$ic_max) {
$buffer = fgets($handle, 4096);
echo
$buffer."<br>";
}
fclose($handle);
?>

It echos the rows while it is reading the file so it is good for long files like logs.

Borgonovo
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