It should be noted that PDO::FETCH_CLASS will call the constructor *after* setting the values (or calling __set).
Queste costanti sono definite da questa estensione e sono disponibili solo se l'estensione è stata compilata nel PHP o se è stata caricata dinamicamente a runtime.
See also PDO::ATTR_CURSOR_NAME.
PDO::FETCH_ORI_NEXT
(int)
Fetch the next row in the result set. Valid only for scrollable cursors.
PDO::FETCH_ORI_PRIOR
(int)
Fetch the previous row in the result set. Valid only for scrollable cursors.
PDO::FETCH_ORI_FIRST
(int)
Fetch the first row in the result set. Valid only for scrollable cursors.
PDO::FETCH_ORI_LAST
(int)
Fetch the last row in the result set. Valid only for scrollable cursors.
PDO::FETCH_ORI_ABS
(int)
Fetch the requested row by row number from the result set. Valid only for scrollable cursors.
PDO::FETCH_ORI_REL
(int)
Fetch the requested row by relative position from the current position of the cursor in the result set. Valid only for scrollable cursors.
PDO::CURSOR_FWDONLY
(int)
Create a PDOStatement object with a forward-only cursor. This is the default cursor choice, as it is the fastest and most common data access pattern in PHP.
PDO::CURSOR_SCROLL
(int)
Create a PDOStatement object with a scrollable cursor.
Pass the PDO::FETCH_ORI_*
constants to control the rows fetched from the result set.
PDO::PARAM_BOOL
(int)
Represents a boolean data type.
PDO::PARAM_NULL
(int)
Represents the SQL NULL data type.
PDO::PARAM_INT
(int)
Represents the SQL INTEGER data type.
PDO::PARAM_STR
(int)
Represents the SQL CHAR, VARCHAR, or other string data type.
PDO::PARAM_STR_NATL
(int)
Flag to denote a string uses the national character set.
Available as of PHP 7.2.0
PDO::PARAM_STR_CHAR
(int)
Flag to denote a string uses the regular character set.
Available as of PHP 7.2.0
PDO::PARAM_LOB
(int)
Represents the SQL large object data type.
PDO::PARAM_STMT
(int)
Represents a recordset type. Not currently supported by any drivers.
PDO::PARAM_INPUT_OUTPUT
(int)
Specifies that the parameter is an INOUT parameter for a stored
procedure. This constant must be bitwise-ORed with one of the
PDO::PARAM_* constants.
PDO::ATTR_AUTOCOMMIT
(bool)
If this value is false, PDO attempts to disable autocommit so that the
connection begins a transaction.
As of PHP 8.4.0 this constant is typed as bool; previously, it was typed as int.
PDO::ATTR_PREFETCH
(int)
Setting the prefetch size allows balancing speed against memory usage for an application. Not all database/driver combinations support setting of the prefetch size. A larger prefetch size results in increased performance at the cost of higher memory usage.
The PDO_PGSQL driver instead treats this attribute as a toggle: as of
PHP 8.5.0, a value of 0 enables lazy (single-row)
fetching; see the
PDO_PGSQL driver docs
for details.
PDO::ATTR_TIMEOUT
(int)
Sets the timeout value in seconds for communications with the database.
PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE
(int)
See the Errors and error handling section for more information about this attribute.
PDO::ATTR_SERVER_VERSION
(int)
This is a read only attribute; it will return information about the version of the database server to which PDO is connected.
PDO::ATTR_CLIENT_VERSION
(int)
This is a read only attribute; it will return information about the version of the client libraries that the PDO driver is using.
PDO::ATTR_SERVER_INFO
(int)
This is a read only attribute; it will return some meta information about the database server to which PDO is connected.
PDO::ATTR_CONNECTION_STATUS
(int)
PDO::ATTR_CASE
(int)
Force column names to a specific case specified by the
PDO::CASE_*
constants.
PDO::ATTR_CURSOR_NAME
(int)
Get or set the name to use for a cursor. Most useful when using scrollable cursors and positioned updates.
PDO::ATTR_CURSOR
(int)
Selects the cursor type. PDO currently supports either
PDO::CURSOR_FWDONLY or
PDO::CURSOR_SCROLL.
Unless one has a need for scrollable cursors, one should use the
PDO::CURSOR_FWDONLY cursor mode.
PDO::ATTR_DRIVER_NAME
(int)
Returns the name of the driver.
Example #1 using PDO::ATTR_DRIVER_NAME
<?php
if ($db->getAttribute(PDO::ATTR_DRIVER_NAME) == 'mysql') {
echo "Running on mysql; doing something mysql specific here\n";
}
?>PDO::ATTR_ORACLE_NULLS
(int)
Convert empty strings to SQL NULL values on data fetches.
PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT
(int)
Request a persistent connection, rather than creating a new connection. See Connections and Connection management for more information on this attribute.
PDO::ATTR_STATEMENT_CLASS
(int)
Sets the class name and constructor arguments for the extension of the PDOStatement object. The first element of the array is the class name, and the second element is an array of constructor arguments.
PDO::ATTR_FETCH_CATALOG_NAMES
(int)
Prepend the containing catalog name to each column name returned in the result set. The catalog name and column name are separated by a decimal (.) character. Support of this attribute is at the driver level; it may not be supported by the driver in use.
PDO::ATTR_FETCH_TABLE_NAMES
(int)
Prepend the containing table name to each column name returned in the result set. The table name and column name are separated by a decimal (.) character. Support of this attribute is at the driver level; it may not be supported by the driver in use.
PDO::ATTR_STRINGIFY_FETCHES
(int)
Forces all fetched values (except null) to be treated as strings.
null values remain unchanged unless PDO::ATTR_ORACLE_NULLS
is set to PDO::NULL_TO_STRING.
PDO::ATTR_MAX_COLUMN_LEN
(int)
Sets the maximum column name length.
PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_FETCH_MODE
(int)
PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES
(bool)
Whether to enable or disable emulation of prepared statements. Some drivers
either do not support native prepared statements or have only limited
support for them. When set to true, PDO always emulates prepared
statements; when set to false, it uses the driver's native prepared
statements.
As of PHP 8.4.0 this constant is typed as bool; previously, it was typed as int.
PDO::ATTR_DEFAULT_STR_PARAM
(int)
Sets the default string parameter type, which can be either
PDO::PARAM_STR_NATL
or PDO::PARAM_STR_CHAR.
Available as of PHP 7.2.0.
PDO::ERRMODE_SILENT
(int)
Do not raise an error or exception if an error occurs. The developer is expected to explicitly check for errors. Prior to PHP 8.0.0, this was the default mode. See Errors and error handling for more information about this attribute.
PDO::ERRMODE_WARNING
(int)
Issue a PHP E_WARNING message if an error occurs.
See Errors and error handling
for more information about this attribute.
PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION
(int)
Throw a PDOException if an error occurs. This is the default mode as of PHP 8.0.0. See Errors and error handling for more information about this attribute.
PDO::CASE_NATURAL
(int)
Leave column names as returned by the database driver.
PDO::CASE_LOWER
(int)
Force column names to lower case.
PDO::CASE_UPPER
(int)
Force column names to upper case.
PDO::NULL_NATURAL
(int)
PDO::NULL_EMPTY_STRING
(int)
PDO::NULL_TO_STRING
(int)
PDO::ERR_NONE
(string)
Corresponds to SQLSTATE '00000', meaning that the SQL
statement was successfully issued with no errors or warnings.
This constant is a convenience constant to help when checking
PDO::errorCode() or
PDOStatement::errorCode() to determine if an error
occurred.
This is usually known by examining the return code from the method
that raised the error condition anyway.
PDO::PARAM_EVT_ALLOC
(int)
Allocation event
PDO::PARAM_EVT_FREE
(int)
Deallocation event
PDO::PARAM_EVT_EXEC_PRE
(int)
Event triggered prior to execution of a prepared statement.
PDO::PARAM_EVT_EXEC_POST
(int)
Event triggered subsequent to execution of a prepared statement.
PDO::PARAM_EVT_FETCH_PRE
(int)
Event triggered prior to fetching a result from a resultset.
PDO::PARAM_EVT_FETCH_POST
(int)
Event triggered subsequent to fetching a result from a resultset.
PDO::PARAM_EVT_NORMALIZE
(int)
Event triggered during bound parameter registration allowing the driver to normalize the parameter name.
PDO::SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC
(int)
This constant has been DEPRECATED as of PHP 8.5.0.
Use Pdo\Sqlite::DETERMINISTIC instead.
Specifies that a function created with PDO::sqliteCreateFunction() is deterministic, i.e. it always returns the same result given the same inputs within a single SQL statement. (Available as of PHP 7.1.4.)
It should be noted that PDO::FETCH_CLASS will call the constructor *after* setting the values (or calling __set).Default value for \PDO::ATTR_TIMEOUT is 30 seconds.
Ref.: https://github.com/php/php-src/blob/PHP-7.1.0/ext/pdo_mysql/mysql_driver.c#L600PDO::PARAM_STR_CHAR and PDO::PARAM_STR_NATL must be combined with PDO::PARAM_STR using bitwise-OR for parameter binding.
These flags control value quoting (e.g. PDO::quote) and, in some situations (see below), parameter binding (e.g. PDO::bindParam, PDO::bindValue) to prefix string literals with N'' as defined in SQL-92. As of PHP 7.3, only dblib and mysql support these flags. For the mysql driver, the flags only affect parameter binding when PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES is true (the default).
MySQL and MariaDB interpret string literals prefixed with N as being utf8 (not utf8mb4) regardless of `SET NAMES` or the charset parameter. This can cause problems if the database/table/column charset is not utf8. For example, in a database using utf8mb4, the query "SELECT * FROM table WHERE col = :param" and bindValue(":param", "\u{1F600}", PDO::PARAM_STR | PDO::PARAM_STR_NATL) will cause "PDOException: SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1267 Illegal mix of collations (utf8mb4_general_ci,IMPLICIT) and (utf8_general_ci,COERCIBLE) for operation '='". Using PDO::PARAM_STR without PDO::PARAM_STR_NATL and ensuring the charset DSN parameter is set correctly can avoid this issue.
See:
https://wiki.php.net/rfc/extended-string-types-for-pdo
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/string-literals/
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/string-literals.htmlPDO::FETCH_UNIQUE not only fetches the unique values, it also uses the first SQL column as array key result, what is very useful for create quickly an index, eg :
<?php
$sql = <<<SQL
SELECT ALL
c1, -- For result indexing
c1, c2
FROM (
VALUES
ROW('ID-1', 'Value 1'),
ROW('ID-2', 'Value 2a'),
ROW('ID-2', 'Value 2b'),
ROW('ID-3', 'Value 3')
) AS t (c1, c2);
SQL;
$result = $pdo->query($sql);
print_r($result->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_UNIQUE));
/*
Gives :
ID-1 => [c1 => ID-1, c2 => Value 1]
ID-2 => [c1 => ID-2b, c2 => Value 2b]
ID-3 => [c1 => ID-3, c2 => Value 3]
*/
?>Reference to all the PDO::MYSQL_* constants is available in MySQL's documentation for the driver here: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/connectors/en/apis-php-pdo-mysql.html
Such as the ones I was looking for PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CA and PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_SSL_CAPATH which are not listed on this page.To bind a float, use PDO::PARAM_STR with bindValue. You can skip the PDO::PARAM_STR because it's the default option. Binding with bindParam will change the type of the bound variable to a string, which can lead to type errors.