trigger_error

    (PHP 4 >= 4.0.1, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

    trigger_error — ユーザーレベルのエラー/警告/通知メッセージを生成する

    説明

    trigger_error(string $message, int $error_level = E_USER_NOTICE): true

    ユーザーエラーを発生させるために使います。組み込みのエラーハンドラまたは新しいエラーハンドラ (set_error_handler()) として設定済みのユーザー定義関数と組み合わせて使うこともできます。

    この関数は、実行時の例外に特定の応答を生成する必要がある場合に便利です。

    パラメータ

    message

    このエラーに割り当てられたメッセージ。長さは最大 1024 バイトまでです。1024 バイトを超える部分は切り捨てられます。

    error_level

    このエラーに割り当てられたエラー型です。E_USER_* の定数のみが指定可能で、デフォルトは E_USER_NOTICE です。

    警告

    error_level として E_USER_ERROR を指定するのは非推奨となりました。 かわりに、Exception をスローするか、 exit() を呼び出してください。

    戻り値

    常に true を返します。

    エラー / 例外

    error_level が E_USER_ERROR, E_USER_WARNING, E_USER_NOTICE, E_USER_DEPRECATED のいずれかでない場合、この関数は ValueError をスローします。

    変更履歴

    バージョン 説明
    8.4.0 error_level として E_USER_ERROR を指定するのは非推奨となりました。 かわりに、Exception をスローするか、 exit() を呼び出してください。
    8.4.0 戻り値の型が、bool ではなく true に変更されました。
    8.0.0 不正な error_level を指定すると、ValueError をスローするようになりました。 これより前のバージョンでは、false を返していました。

    例

    例1 trigger_error() の例

    より拡張した例については set_error_handler() を参照ください。

    <?php
    $password     = $_POST['password'] ?? '';
    if (    $password === '') {
    trigger_error("空のパスワードを使用することは安全ではありません", E_USER_WARNING);
    }
    $hash = password_hash($password, PASSWORD_DEFAULT);
    ?>

    注意

    警告

    message の HTML エンティティはエスケープされません。エラーをブラウザに表示するのであれば、メッセージに htmlentities() を使います。

    参考

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    User Contributed Notes 6 notes

    up
    54
    someone at attbi dot com
    21 years ago
    the idea is never to give out file names, line numbers, and cryptic codes to the user. Use trigger_error() after you used set_error_handler() to register your own callback function which either logs or emails the error codes to you, and echo a simple friendly message to the user.

    And turn on a more verbose error handler function when you need to debug your scripts. In my init.php scripts I always have:

    if (_DEBUG_) {
    set_error_handler ('debug_error_handler');
    }
    else {
    set_error_handler ('nice_error_handler');
    }
    up
    10
    richard at 2006 dot atterer dot net
    18 years ago
    Beware, trigger_error() is absolutely useless for transporting your own function's error messages in $php_errormsg:

    ini_set('track_errors', TRUE);
    function x() { trigger_error('MY ERROR'); }
    @x();
    echo "Error 1: \\"$php_errormsg\\"\\n";
    @file_get_contents('/nonexisting');
    echo "Error 2: \\"$php_errormsg\\"\\n";

    This outputs:

    Error 1: ""
    Error 2: "failed to open stream: No such file or directory"

    This behaviour is consistent with the description of $php_errormsg, which says that the variable will only be available within the scope in which the error occurred. The problem can be worked around with a custom error handler like the one below. However, I'm undecided whether changing the language in this way is good:

    function errHandler($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline) {
    global $php_errormsg; $php_errormsg = $errstr;
    }
    set_error_handler('errHandler');
    up
    14
    Howard Yeend
    15 years ago
    trigger_error always reports the line and file that trigger_error was called on. Which isn't very useful.

    eg:

    main.php:
    <?php
    include('functions.php');
    $x = 'test';
    doFunction($x);
    ?>

    functions.php:
    <?php
    function doFunction($var) {
    if(    is_numeric($var)) {
    /* do some stuff*/
    } else {
    trigger_error('var must be numeric');
    }
    }
    ?>

    will output "Notice: var must be numeric in functions.php on line 6"
    whereas "Notice: var must be numeric in main.php on line 4" would be more useful

    here's a function to do that:

    <?php

    function error($message, $level=E_USER_NOTICE) {
    $caller = next(debug_backtrace());
    trigger_error($message.' in <strong>'.$caller['function'].'</strong> called from <strong>'.$caller['file'].'</strong> on line <strong>'.$caller['line'].'</strong>'."\n<br />error handler", $level);
    }
    ?>

    So now in our example:

    main.php:
    <?php
    include('functions.php');
    $x = 'test';
    doFunction($x);
    ?>

    functions.php:
    <?php
    function doFunction($var) {
    if(    is_numeric($var)) {
    /* do some stuff*/
    } else {
    error('var must be numeric');
    }
    }

    function     error($message, $level=E_USER_NOTICE) {
    $caller = next(debug_backtrace());
    trigger_error($message.' in <strong>'.$caller['function'].'</strong> called from <strong>'.$caller['file'].'</strong> on line <strong>'.$caller['line'].'</strong>'."\n<br />error handler", $level);
    }
    ?>

    now outputs:

    "Notice: var must be numeric in doFunction called from main.php on line 4"
    up
    4
    PhpMyCoder
    14 years ago
    For those of you looking to use your own file or line number in the error (possibly using debug_backtrace()) instead of the ones created by trigger_error(), here is a solution:
    Create a custom function to handle E_USER_ERRORs that simply outputs the error type and message, while excluding the line number and file trigger_error() reports. You may also configure it to handle user warnings and notices if necessary (I did in the example below).

    <?php
    function error_handler($level, $message, $file, $line, $context) {
    //Handle user errors, warnings, and notices ourself
    if($level === E_USER_ERROR || $level === E_USER_WARNING || $level === E_USER_NOTICE) {
    echo     '<strong>Error:</strong> '.$message;
    return(    true); //And prevent the PHP error handler from continuing
    }
    return(    false); //Otherwise, use PHP's error handler
    }

    function     trigger_my_error($message, $level) {
    //Get the caller of the calling function and details about it
    $callee = next(debug_backtrace());
    //Trigger appropriate error
    trigger_error($message.' in <strong>'.$callee['file'].'</strong> on line <strong>'.$callee['line'].'</strong>', $level);
    }

    //Use our custom handler
    set_error_handler('error_handler');

    //-------------------------------
    //Demo usage:
    //-------------------------------
    function abc($str) {
    if(!    is_string($str)) {
    trigger_my_error('abc() expects parameter 1 to be a string', E_USER_ERROR);
    }
    }

    abc('Hello world!'); //Works
    abc(18); //Error: abc() expects parameter 1 to be a string in [FILE].php on line 31
    ?>

    This is a pretty simple concept and I'm sure most of you know this, but for those that don't, let it serve as a good example!
    up
    3
    aydin dot kn12 at gmail dot com
    10 years ago
    If error_type is E_USER_ERROR then trigger_error throw FATAL ERROR and script stopped after this line.

    <?php

    $msg     = 'This is the test message for echo';

    trigger_error('Error message', E_USER_ERROR); // Script stopped after this line...

    echo $msg; // This line does not appear...

    ?>
    up
    0
    theking2 at king dot ma
    3 months ago
    The function trigger_error will terminate the script if $error_level is equal or higher than E_USER_ERROR.

    If you write your own error handler you will have to do these yourself.

    Example in which we assume the global LOG constant points to a PSR2 logging interface.
    <?php

    set_error_handler    ( function ($errno, $errstr, $errfile, $errline) {
    // error was suppressed with the @-operator
    if( 0 === error_reporting() ) {
    return     false;
    }
    switch(    $errno) {
    default:
    LOG->error( "Unknown error type: [$errno] $errstr", [ 'file' => $errfile, '@' => $errline ] );
    exit(    1);

    case     E_USER_ERROR: // fall through
    case E_WARNING: // treat PHP warnings are errors
    LOG->error( $errstr, [ 'file' => $errfile, '@' => $errline ] );
    exit(    1);

    case     E_USER_DEPRECATED:
    case     E_DEPRECATED:
    LOG->error( "DEPRECATED $errstr", [ 'file' => $errfile, '@' => $errline ] );
    break;

    case     E_USER_WARNING: // fall through
    case E_NOTICE: // treat PHP notices are warnings
    LOG->warning( $errstr, [ 'file' => $errfile, '@' => $errline ] );
    break;

    case     E_USER_NOTICE:
    LOG->notice( $errstr, [ 'file' => $errfile, '@' => $errline ] );
    break;

    case     E_ERROR: // fall through
    case E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR:
    LOG->critical( $errstr, [ 'file' => $errfile, '@' => $errline ] );
    exit(    1);

    }
    /* Don't execute PHP internal error handler */
    return true;
    } );
    ?>
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