(PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)
DOMDocument::loadHTML — Загрузка HTML из строки
Функция разбирает HTML, содержащийся в строке source.
В отличие от загрузки XML, HTML не обязан быть правильно построен для загрузки.
Для разбора и обработки современной HTML-разметки рекомендуют вместо класса DOMDocument пользоваться классом Dom\HTMLDocument.
Функция разбирает входные данные по стандарту HTML 4. Правила синтаксического анализа по стандарту HTML 5, с которым работают современные браузеры, содержат отличия. Итоговая структура DOM зависит от входных данных. Поэтому функцию нельзя использовать для безопасной очистки HTML-разметки.
Поведение при разборе HTML-разметки зависит от версии библиотеки
libxml, это проявляется острее
при наступлении граничных условий и при обработке ошибок.
Разметку, которая соответствует спецификации HTML5, разбирают
методом Dom\HTMLDocument::createFromString()
или Dom\HTMLDocument::createFromFile(), которые добавили в PHP 8.4.
Например, отдельные HTML-элементы при встрече неявно закрывают родительский элемент. Правила автоматического закрытия родительских элементов в спецификациях HTML 4 и HTML 5 неодинаковые. Поэтому итоговая структура DOM, которую видит класс DOMDocument, отличается от DOM-структуры, которую видит браузер, что создаёт риск взлома итоговой HTML-разметки злоумышленником.
Функция возвращает true, если выполнилась успешно, или false, если возникла ошибка.
Если через аргумент source передана пустая
строка, будет сгенерировано предупреждение.
Это предупреждение генерируется не libxml, поэтому оно не может быть
обработано функциями обработки ошибок libxml.
Несмотря на то что некорректная HTML-разметка обычно успешно загружается, эта функция
иногда генерирует ошибки уровня E_WARNING при обнаружении
плохой разметки. Для обработки таких ошибок пользуются
функциями обработки ошибок модуля libxml.
| Версия | Описание |
|---|---|
| 8.3.0 | Теперь функция имеет предварительный логический (bool) тип возвращаемого значения. |
| 8.0.0 |
При статическом вызове функции теперь будет выбрасываться ошибка Error.
Ранее выдавалась ошибка уровня E_DEPRECATED.
|
Пример #1 Создание документа
<?php
$doc = new DOMDocument();
$doc->loadHTML("<html><body>Test<br></body></html>");
echo $doc->saveHTML();
?>
You can also load HTML as UTF-8 using this simple hack:
<?php
$doc = new DOMDocument();
$doc->loadHTML('<?xml encoding="UTF-8">' . $html);
// dirty fix
foreach ($doc->childNodes as $item)
if ($item->nodeType == XML_PI_NODE)
$doc->removeChild($item); // remove hack
$doc->encoding = 'UTF-8'; // insert proper
?>If you are loading html content from any website, in "utf-8" encoding, when meta width content-type is not first child of HEAD, it would not be acknowledged by parser (encoding); So you can make this fix:
function domLoadHTML($html)
{$testDOM = new DOMDocument('1.0', 'UTF-8');
$testDOM->loadHTML($html);
$charset = NULL;
$searchInElemnt = function(&$item) use (&$searchInElemnt, &$charset)
{if($item->childNodes)
{foreach($item->childNodes as $childItem)
{switch($childItem->nodeName)
{case 'html':
case 'head':
$searchInElemnt($childItem);
break;
case 'meta':
$attributes = array();
foreach ($childItem->attributes as $attr)
{$attributes[mb_strtoupper($attr->localName)] = $attr->nodeValue;
}
if(array_key_exists('HTTP-EQUIV', $attributes) && (mb_strtoupper($attributes['HTTP-EQUIV']) == 'CONTENT-TYPE') && array_key_exists('CONTENT', $attributes) && preg_match('~[\s]*;[\s]*charset[\s]*=[\s]*([^\s]+)~', $attributes['CONTENT'], $matches))
{$charset = preg_replace('~[\s\']~', '', $matches[1]);
}
}
}
}
};
$searchInElemnt($testDOM);
if(isset($charset))
{$dom = new DOMDocument('1.0', $charset);
$dom->loadHTML('<?xml encoding="'.$charset.'">'.$html);
foreach ($dom->childNodes as $item)
if($item->nodeType == XML_PI_NODE)
{$dom->removeChild($item);
}
$dom->encoding = $charset;
}
else
{$dom = $testDOM;
}
return $dom;
};DOMDocument is very good at dealing with imperfect markup, but it throws warnings all over the place when it does.
This isn't well documented here. The solution to this is to implement a separate aparatus for dealing with just these errors.
Set libxml_use_internal_errors(true) before calling loadHTML. This will prevent errors from bubbling up to your default error handler. And you can then get at them (if you desire) using other libxml error functions.
You can find more info here http://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.libxml.phpWhen using loadHTML() to process UTF-8 pages, you may meet the problem that the output of dom functions are not like the input. For example, if you want to get "Cạnh tranh", you will receive "Cạnh tranh". I suggest we use mb_convert_encoding before load UTF-8 page :
<?php
$pageDom = new DomDocument();
$searchPage = mb_convert_encoding($htmlUTF8Page, 'HTML-ENTITIES', "UTF-8");
@$pageDom->loadHTML($searchPage);
?>To support HTML5 you have to disable xml error handling by add `LIBXML_NOERROR` as an option of loadHTML method.
Example:
<?php
$doc = new DOMDocument();
$doc->loadHTML("<html><body>Test<br><section>I'M UNSUPPORTED</section></body></html>", LIBXML_NOERROR);
echo $doc->saveHTML();
?>Pay attention when loading html that has a different charset than iso-8859-1. Since this method does not actively try to figure out what the html you are trying to load is encoded in (like most browsers do), you have to specify it in the html head. If, for instance, your html is in utf-8, make sure you have a meta tag in the html's head section:
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
</head>
If you do not specify the charset like this, all high-ascii bytes will be html-encoded. It is not enough to set the dom document you are loading the html in to UTF-8.If we are loading html5 tags such as <section>, <svg> there is following error:
DOMDocument::loadHTML(): Tag section invalid in Entity
We can disable standard libxml errors (and enable user error handling) using libxml_use_internal_errors(true); before loadHTML();
This is quite useful in phpunit custom assertions as given in following example (if using phpunit test cases):
// Create a DOMDocument
$dom = new DOMDocument();
// fix html5/svg errors
libxml_use_internal_errors(true);
// Load html
$dom->loadHTML("<section></section>");
$htmlNodes = $dom->getElementsByTagName('section');
if ($htmlNodes->length == 0) {
$this->assertFalse(TRUE);
} else {
$this->assertTrue(TRUE);
}loadHTML() & loadHTMLFile() may always generate warnings if the html include some tags such as "nav, section, footer, etc" adopted as of HTML5 (in PHP 8.1.6).
Try to run below.
<?php
$file_name = 'PHP Runtime Configuration - Manual.html'; // Download this file from "https://www.php.net/manual/en/session.configuration.php" in advance.
$doc = new DOMDocument();
$doc->loadHTMLFile($file_name); // if set "LIBXML_NOERROR" as 2nd arg, no error
echo $doc->saveHTML();
// Warning: DOMDocument::loadHTMLFile(): Tag nav invalid in PHP Runtime Configuration - Manual.html, line: 63 in D:\xampp\htdocs\test\xml(dom)\loadHTML\index.php on line 6
?>Warning: This does not function well with HTML5 elements such as SVG. Most of the advice on the Web is to turn off errors in order to have it work with HTML5.Remember: If you use an HTML5 doctype and a meta element like so
<meta charset=utf-8">
your HTML code will get interpreted as ISO-8859-something and non-ASCII chars will get converted into HTML entities. However the HTML4-like version will work (as has been pointed out 10 years ago by "bigtree at 29a"):
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">Be aware that this function doesn't actually understand HTML -- it fixes tag-soup input using the general rules of SGML, so it creates well-formed markup, but has no idea which element contexts are allowed.
For example, with input like this where the first element isn't closed:
<span>hello <div>world</div>
loadHTML will change it to this, which is well-formed but invalid:
<span>hello <div>world</div></span>Note that the elements of such document will have no namespace even with <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">It should be noted that when any text is provided within the body tag
outside of a containing element, the DOMDocument will encapsulate that
text into a paragraph tag (<p>).
For example:
<?php
$doc = new DOMDocument();
$doc->loadHTML("<html><body>Test<br><div>Text</div></body></html>");
echo $doc->saveHTML();
?>
will yield:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd">
<html><body>
<p>Test<br></p>
<div>Text</div>
</body></html>
while:
<?php
$doc = new DOMDocument();
$doc->loadHTML(
"<html><body><i>Test</i><br><div>Text</div></body></html>");
echo $doc->saveHTML();
?>
will yield:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd">
<html><body>
<i>Test</i><br><div>Text</div>
</body></html>For those of you who want to get an external URL's class element, I have 2 usefull functions. In this example we get the '<h3 class="r">'
elements back (search result headers) from google search:
1. Check the URL (if it is reachable, existing)
<?php
# URL Check
function url_check($url) {
$headers = @get_headers($url);
return is_array($headers) ? preg_match('/^HTTP\\/\\d+\\.\\d+\\s+2\\d\\d\\s+.*$/',$headers[0]) : false;
};
?>
2. Clean the element you want to get (remove all tags, tabs, new-lines etc.)
<?php
# Function to clean a string
function clean($text){
$clean = html_entity_decode(trim(str_replace(';','-',preg_replace('/\s+/S', " ", strip_tags($text)))));// remove everything
return $clean;
echo '\n';// throw a new line
}
?>
After doing that, we can output the search result headers with following method:
<?php
$searchstring = 'djceejay';
$url = 'http://www.google.de/webhp#q='.$searchstring;
if(url_check($url)){
$doc = new DomDocument;
$doc->validateOnParse = true;
$doc->loadHtml(file_get_contents($url));
$output = clean($doc->getElementByClass('r')->textContent);
echo $output . '<br>';
}else{
echo 'URL not reachable!';// Throw message when URL not be called
}
?>Using loadHTML() automagically sets the doctype property of your DOMDocument instance(to the doctype in the html, or defaults to 4.0 Transitional). If you set the doctype with DOMImplementation it will be overridden.
I assumed it was possible to set it and then load html with the doctype I defined(in order to decide the doctype at runtime), and ran into a huge headache trying to find out where my doctype was going. Hopefully this helps someone else.if you want to get rid of all the "DOMText elements containing ONLY whitespace", maybe try
<?php
function loadHTML_noemptywhitespace(string $html, int $extra_flags = 0, int $exclude_flags = 0): DOMDocument
{
$flags = LIBXML_HTML_NODEFDTD | LIBXML_NOBLANKS | LIBXML_NONET;
$flags = ($flags | $extra_flags) & ~ $exclude_flags;
$domd = new DOMDocument();
$domd->preserveWhiteSpace = false;
@$domd->loadHTML('<?xml encoding="UTF-8">' . $html, $flags);
$removeAnnoyingWhitespaceTextNodes = function (\DOMNode $node) use (&$removeAnnoyingWhitespaceTextNodes): void {
if ($node->hasChildNodes()) {
// Warning: it's important to do it backwards; if you do it forwards, the index for DOMNodeList might become invalidated;
// that's why i don't use foreach() - don't change it (unless you know what you're doing, ofc)
for ($i = $node->childNodes->length - 1; $i >= 0; --$i) {
$removeAnnoyingWhitespaceTextNodes($node->childNodes->item($i));
}
}
if ($node->nodeType === XML_TEXT_NODE && !$node->hasChildNodes() && !$node->hasAttributes() && empty(trim($node->textContent))) {
//echo "Removing annoying POS";
// var_dump($node);
$node->parentNode->removeChild($node);
} //elseif ($node instanceof DOMText) { echo "not removed"; var_dump($node, $node->hasChildNodes(), $node->hasAttributes(), trim($node->textContent)); }
};
$removeAnnoyingWhitespaceTextNodes($domd);
return $domd;
}Beware of the "gotcha" (works as designed but not as expected): if you use loadHTML, you cannot validate the document. Validation is only for XML. Details here: http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=43771&edit=1If you use loadHTML() to process utf HTML string (eg in Vietnamese), you may experience result in garbage text, while some files were OK. Even your HTML already have meta charset like
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
I have discovered that, to help loadHTML() process utf file correctly, the meta tag should come first, before any utf string appear. For example, this HTML file
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title> Vietnamese - Tiếng Việt</title>
</head>
<body></body>
</html>
will be OK with loadHTML() when <meta> tag appear <title> tag.
But the file below will not regcornize by loadHTML() because <title> tag contains utf string appear before <meta> tag.
<html>
<head>
<title> Vietnamese - Tiếng Việt</title>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
</head>
<body></body>
</html>Here is a function I wrote to capitalize the previous remarks about charset problems (UTF-8...) when using loadHTML and then DOM functions.
It adds the charset meta tag just after <head> to improve automatic encoding detection, converts any specific character to an html entity, thus PHP DOM functions/attributes will return correct values.
<?php
mb_detect_order("ASCII,UTF-8,ISO-8859-1,windows-1252,iso-8859-15");
function loadNprepare($url,$encod='') {
$content = file_get_contents($url);
if (!empty($content)) {
if (empty($encod))
$encod = mb_detect_encoding($content);
$headpos = mb_strpos($content,'<head>');
if (FALSE=== $headpos)
$headpos= mb_strpos($content,'<HEAD>');
if (FALSE!== $headpos) {
$headpos+=6;
$content = mb_substr($content,0,$headpos) . '<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset='.$encod.'">' .mb_substr($content,$headpos);
}
$content=mb_convert_encoding($content, 'HTML-ENTITIES', $encod);
}
$dom = new DomDocument;
$res = $dom->loadHTML($content);
if (!$res) return FALSE;
return $dom;
}
?>
NB: it uses mb_strpos/mb_substr instead of mb_ereg_replace because that seemed more efficient with huge html pages.