To clarify, g/G are 12/24 hour time without a leading 0, and h/H are 12/24 hour time with a leading zero, as described here:
https://www.php.net/manual/en/datetime.format.php
(PHP 5 >= 5.5.0, PHP 7, PHP 8)
DateTimeImmutable::createFromFormat -- date_create_immutable_from_format — Parses a time string according to a specified format
面向对象风格
$format, string $datetime, ?DateTimeZone $timezone = null): DateTimeImmutable|false过程化风格
$format, string $datetime, ?DateTimeZone $timezone = null): DateTimeImmutable|false
Returns a new DateTimeImmutable object representing the date and time specified by the
datetime string, which was formatted in the given
format.
formatThe format that the passed in string should be in. See the formatting options below. In most cases, the same letters as for the date() can be used.
All fields are initialised with the current date/time. In most cases you
would want to reset these to "zero" (the Unix epoch, 1970-01-01
00:00:00 UTC). You do that by including the
! character as first character in your
format, or | as your last.
Please see the documentation for each character below for more
information.
The format is parsed from left to right, which means that in some
situations the order in which the format characters are present affects
the result. In the case of z (the day of the year),
it is required that a year has already been parsed,
for example through the Y or y
characters.
Letters that are used for parsing numbers allow a wide range of values,
outside of what the logical range would be. For example, the
d (day of the month) accepts values in the range from
00 to 99. The only constraint is
on the amount of digits. The date/time parser's overflow mechanism is
used when out-of-range values are given. The examples below show some of
this behaviour.
This also means that the data parsed for a format letter is greedy, and
will read up to the amount of digits its format allows for. That can
then also mean that there are no
longer enough characters in the datetime string
for following format characters. An example on this page also
illustrates this issue.
format character |
Description | Example parsable values |
|---|---|---|
| Day | --- | --- |
d and j |
Day of the month, 2 digits with or without leading zeros |
01 to 31 or
1 to 31. (2 digit numbers
higher than the number of days in the month are accepted, in which
case they will make the month overflow. For example using 33 with
January, means February 2nd)
|
D and l |
A textual representation of a day |
Mon through Sun or
Sunday through Saturday. If
the day name given is different then the day name belonging to a
parsed (or default) date is different, then an overflow occurs to
the next date with the given day name. See the
examples below for an explanation.
|
S |
English ordinal suffix for the day of the month, 2 characters. It's ignored while processing. |
st, nd, rd or
th.
|
z |
The day of the year (starting from 0);
must be preceded by Y or y.
|
0 through 365. (3 digit
numbers higher than the numbers in a year are accepted, in which
case they will make the year overflow. For example using 366 with
2022, means January 2nd, 2023)
|
| Month | --- | --- |
F and M |
A textual representation of a month, such as January or Sept |
January through December or
Jan through Dec
|
m and n |
Numeric representation of a month, with or without leading zeros |
01 through 12 or
1 through 12.
(2 digit numbers higher than 12 are accepted, in which case they
will make the year overflow. For example using 13 means January in
the next year)
|
| Year | --- | --- |
X and x |
A full numeric representation of a year, up to 19 digits,
optionally prefixed by + or
- |
Examples: 0055, 787,
1999, -2003,
+10191 |
Y |
A full numeric representation of a year, up to 4 digits | Examples: 0055, 787,
1999, 2003 |
y |
A two digit representation of a year (which is assumed to be in the range 1970-2069, inclusive) |
Examples:
99 or 03
(which will be interpreted as 1999 and
2003, respectively)
|
| Time | --- | --- |
a and A |
Ante meridiem and Post meridiem | am or pm |
g and h |
12-hour format of an hour with or without leading zero |
1 through 12 or
01 through 12 (2 digit
numbers higher than 12 are accepted, in which case they will make
the day overflow. For example using 14 means
02 in the next AM/PM period)
|
G and H |
24-hour format of an hour with or without leading zeros |
0 through 23 or
00 through 23 (2 digit
numbers higher than 24 are accepted, in which case they will make
the day overflow. For example using 26 means
02:00 the next day)
|
i |
Minutes with leading zeros |
00 to 59. (2 digit
numbers higher than 59 are accepted, in which case they will make
the hour overflow. For example using 66 means
:06 the next hour)
|
s |
Seconds, with leading zeros |
00 through 59 (2 digit
numbers higher than 59 are accepted, in which case they will make
the minute overflow. For example using 90 means
:30 the next minute)
|
v |
Fraction in milliseconds (up to three digits) | Example: 12 (0.12
seconds), 345 (0.345 seconds) |
u |
Fraction in microseconds (up to six digits) | Example: 45 (0.45
seconds), 654321 (0.654321
seconds) |
| Timezone | --- | --- |
e, O, p,
P and T
|
Timezone identifier, or difference to UTC in hours, or difference to UTC with colon between hours and minutes, or timezone abbreviation | Examples: UTC, GMT,
Atlantic/Azores or
+0200 or +02:00 or
EST, MDT
|
| Full Date/Time | --- | --- |
U |
Seconds since the Unix Epoch (January 1 1970 00:00:00 GMT) | Example: 1292177455 |
| Whitespace and Separators | --- | --- |
(space) |
Zero or more spaces, tabs, NBSP (U+A0), or NNBSP (U+202F) characters | Example: "\t", " " |
# |
One of the following separation symbol: ;,
:, /, .,
,, -, ( or
)
|
Example: / |
;,
:, /, .,
,, -, ( or
)
|
The specified character. | Example: - |
? |
A random byte | Example: ^ (Be aware that for UTF-8
characters you might need more than one ?.
In this case, using * is probably what you want
instead) |
* |
Random bytes until the next separator or digit | Example: * in Y-*-d with
the string 2009-aWord-08 will match
aWord |
! |
Resets all fields (year, month, day, hour, minute, second,
fraction and timezone information) to zero-like values (
0 for hour, minute, second and fraction,
1 for month and day, 1970
for year and UTC for timezone information) |
Without !, all fields will be set to the
current date and time. |
| |
Resets all fields (year, month, day, hour, minute, second, fraction and timezone information) to zero-like values if they have not been parsed yet | Y-m-d| will set the year, month and day
to the information found in the string to parse, and sets the hour,
minute and second to 0. |
+ |
If this format specifier is present, trailing data in the string will not cause an error, but a warning instead | Use DateTimeImmutable::getLastErrors() to find out whether trailing data was present. |
Unrecognized characters in the format string will cause the parsing to fail and an error message is appended to the returned structure. You can query error messages with DateTimeImmutable::getLastErrors().
To include literal characters in format, you have
to escape them with a backslash (\).
If format does not contain the character
! then portions of the generated date/time which are not
specified in format will be set to the current
system time.
If format contains the
character !, then portions of the generated
date/time not provided in format, as well as
values to the left-hand side of the !, will
be set to corresponding values from the Unix epoch.
If any time character is parsed, then all other time-related fields are set to "0", unless also parsed.
The Unix epoch is 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.
datetimeString representing the time.
timezoneA DateTimeZone object representing the desired time zone.
If timezone is omitted or null and
datetime contains no timezone,
the current timezone will be used.
注意:
The
timezoneparameter and the current timezone are ignored when thedatetimeparameter either contains a UNIX timestamp (e.g.946684800) or specifies a timezone (e.g.2010-01-28T15:00:00+02:00).
Returns a new DateTimeImmutable instance 或者在失败时返回 false.
This method throws ValueError when the
datetime contains NULL-bytes.
| 版本 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| 8.2.9 |
The (space) specifier now also supports NBSP
(U+A0) and NNBSP (U+202F) characters.
|
| 8.2.0 |
The X and x
format specifiers have been added.
|
| 8.0.21, 8.1.8, 8.2.0 |
Now throws ValueError when NULL-bytes
are passed into datetime, which previously was silently
ignored.
|
| 7.3.0 |
The v format specifier has
been added.
|
示例 #1 DateTimeImmutable::createFromFormat() example
面向对象风格
<?php
$date = DateTimeImmutable::createFromFormat('j-M-Y', '15-Feb-2009');
echo $date->format('Y-m-d');
?>示例 #2 Using predefined format constants with DateTimeImmutable::createFromFormat()
面向对象风格
<?php
$date = DateTimeImmutable::createFromFormat(DateTimeInterface::ISO8601, '2004-02-12T15:19:21+00:00');
$date = DateTimeImmutable::createFromFormat(DateTimeInterface::RFC3339_EXTENDED, '2013-10-14T09:00:00.000+02:00');
?>The formatting constants as used in this example consist of a string of characters for formatting a DateTimeImmutable object. In most cases, these letters match with the same elements of date/time information as the ones defined in the parameters section above, but they tend to be more lenient.
示例 #3 Intricacies of DateTimeImmutable::createFromFormat()
<?php
echo 'Current time: ' . date('Y-m-d H:i:s') . "\n";
$format = 'Y-m-d';
$date = DateTimeImmutable::createFromFormat($format, '2009-02-15');
echo "Format: $format; " . $date->format('Y-m-d H:i:s') . "\n";
$format = 'Y-m-d H:i:s';
$date = DateTimeImmutable::createFromFormat($format, '2009-02-15 15:16:17');
echo "Format: $format; " . $date->format('Y-m-d H:i:s') . "\n";
$format = 'Y-m-!d H:i:s';
$date = DateTimeImmutable::createFromFormat($format, '2009-02-15 15:16:17');
echo "Format: $format; " . $date->format('Y-m-d H:i:s') . "\n";
$format = '!d';
$date = DateTimeImmutable::createFromFormat($format, '15');
echo "Format: $format; " . $date->format('Y-m-d H:i:s') . "\n";
$format = 'i';
$date = DateTimeImmutable::createFromFormat($format, '15');
echo "Format: $format; " . $date->format('Y-m-d H:i:s') . "\n";
?>以上示例的输出类似于：
Current time: 2022-06-02 15:50:46 Format: Y-m-d; 2009-02-15 15:50:46 Format: Y-m-d H:i:s; 2009-02-15 15:16:17 Format: Y-m-!d H:i:s; 1970-01-15 15:16:17 Format: !d; 1970-01-15 00:00:00 Format: i; 2022-06-02 00:15:00
示例 #4 Format string with literal characters
<?php
echo DateTimeImmutable::createFromFormat('H\h i\m s\s','23h 15m 03s')->format('H:i:s');
?>以上示例的输出类似于：
23:15:03
示例 #5 Overflow behaviour
<?php
echo DateTimeImmutable::createFromFormat('Y-m-d H:i:s', '2021-17-35 16:60:97')->format(DateTimeImmutable::RFC2822);
?>以上示例的输出类似于：
Sat, 04 Jun 2022 17:01:37 +0000
Although the result looks odd, it is correct, as the following overflows happen:
97 seconds overflows to 1 minute,
leaving 37 seconds.
61 minutes overflows to 1 hour,
leaving 1 minutes.
35 days overflows to 1 month,
leaving 4 days. The amount of days that are left over
depends on the month, as not every month has the same amount of days.
18 months overflows to 1 year,
leaving 6 months.
示例 #6 Overflowing day name behaviour
<?php
$d = DateTime::createFromFormat(DateTimeInterface::RFC1123, 'Mon, 3 Aug 2020 25:00:00 +0000');
echo $d->format(DateTime::RFC1123), "\n";
?>以上示例的输出类似于：
Mon, 10 Aug 2020 01:00:00 +0000
Although the result looks odd, it is correct, as the following overflows happen:
3 Aug 2020 25:00:00 overflows to (Tue) 4 Aug
2020 01:00.
Mon gets applied, which advances the date to
Mon, 10 Aug 2020 01:00:00. The explanation of
relative keywords such as Mon is explained in the
section on relative
formats.
In order to detect overflows in dates, you can use DateTimeImmutable::getLastErrors(), which will include a warning if an overflow occured.
示例 #7 Detecting overflown dates
<?php
$d = DateTimeImmutable::createFromFormat('Y-m-d H:i:s', '2021-17-35 16:60:97');
echo $d->format(DateTimeImmutable::RFC2822), "\n\n";
var_dump(DateTimeImmutable::GetLastErrors());
?>以上示例的输出类似于：
Sat, 04 Jun 2022 17:01:37 +0000
array(4) {
'warning_count' =>
int(2)
'warnings' =>
array(1) {
[19] =>
string(27) "The parsed date was invalid"
}
'error_count' =>
int(0)
'errors' =>
array(0) {
}
}
示例 #8 Greedy parsing behaviour
<?php
print_r(date_parse_from_format('Gis', '60101'));
?>以上示例的输出类似于：
Array
(
[year] =>
[month] =>
[day] =>
[hour] => 60
[minute] => 10
[second] => 0
[fraction] => 0
[warning_count] => 1
[warnings] => Array
(
[5] => The parsed time was invalid
)
[error_count] => 1
[errors] => Array
(
[4] => A two digit second could not be found
)
[is_localtime] =>
)
The G format is to parse 24 hour clock hours, with or
without leading zero. This requires to parse 1 or 2 digits. Because there
are two following digits, it greedily reads this as 60.
The following i and s format
characters both require two digits. This means that 10
is passed as minute (i), and that there are then not
enough digits left to parse for as second (s).
The errors array indicates this problem.
Additionally, an hour of 60 is outside the range
0-24, which causes the
warnings array to include a warning that the time is
invalid.
To clarify, g/G are 12/24 hour time without a leading 0, and h/H are 12/24 hour time with a leading zero, as described here:
https://www.php.net/manual/en/datetime.format.phpSince the description and examples don't exactly match for the timezone row, I want to clarify exactly which format each character outputs.
`e` outputs the timezone identifier, e.g. `America/New_York` or `Asia/Gaza`
`O` outputs the difference to UTC in hours, e.g. `-0500` or `+0200`
`P` outputs difference to UTC with a colon between hours and minutes, e.g. `-05:00` or `+02:00`
`T` outputs the timezone abbreviation, e.g. `EST` or `EET`If you are not happy with wide range of conversions and repairs this method is making for you, or just want to check that date is really same as input:
```
$datetime = \DateTimeImmutable::createFromFormat('Y-m-d G:i:s', $userDateTimeInput);
if ($datetime && $datetime->format('Y-m-d G:i:s') === $userDateTimeInput) {
// $datetime is not false and we have a correct date in correct format from user
}
```