PHP: 从 HTML 中分离

从 HTML 中分离

凡是在一对开始和结束标记之外的内容都会被 PHP 解析器忽略，这使得 PHP 文件可以具备混合内容。可以使 PHP 嵌入到 HTML 文档中去，如下例所示。

<p>This is going to be ignored by PHP and displayed by the browser.</p>
<?php echo 'While this is going to be parsed.'; ?>
<p>This will also be ignored by PHP and displayed by the browser.</p>

这将如预期中的运行，因为当 PHP 解释器碰到 ?> 结束标记时就简单地将其后内容原样输出（除非马上紧接换行 - 见指令分隔符）直到碰到下一个开始标记；例外是处于条件语句中间时，此时 PHP 解释器会根据条件判断来决定哪些输出，哪些跳过。见下例。

使用条件结构：

示例 #1 使用条件的高级分离术

<?php if ($expression == true): ?>
  This will show if the expression is true.
<?php else: ?>
  Otherwise this will show.
<?php endif; ?>

上例中 PHP 将跳过条件语句未达成的段落，即使该段落位于 PHP 开始和结束标记之外。由于 PHP 解释器会在条件未达成时直接跳过该段条件语句块，因此 PHP 会根据条件来忽略之。

要输出大段文本时，跳出 PHP 解析模式通常比将文本通过 echo 或 print 输出更有效率。

注意:
此外注意如果将 PHP 嵌入到 XML 或 XHTML 中则需要使用 <?php ?> 标记以保持符合标准。

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quickfur at quickfur dot ath dot cx ¶

14 years ago

When the documentation says that the PHP parser ignores everything outside the <?php ... ?> tags, it means literally EVERYTHING. Including things you normally wouldn't consider "valid", such as the following:

<html><body>
<p<?php if ($highlight): ?> class="highlight"<?php endif;?>>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body></html>

Notice how the PHP code is embedded in the middle of an HTML opening tag. The PHP parser doesn't care that it's in the middle of an opening tag, and doesn't require that it be closed. It also doesn't care that after the closing ?> tag is the end of the HTML opening tag. So, if $highlight is true, then the output will be:

<html><body>
<p class="highlight">This is a paragraph.</p>
</body></html>

Otherwise, it will be:

<html><body>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body></html>

Using this method, you can have HTML tags with optional attributes, depending on some PHP condition. Extremely flexible and useful!

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ravenswd at gmail dot com ¶

15 years ago

One aspect of PHP that you need to be careful of, is that ?> will drop you out of PHP code and into HTML even if it appears inside a // comment. (This does not apply to /* */ comments.) This can lead to unexpected results. For example, take this line:

<?php
  $file_contents  = '<?php die(); ?>' . "\n";
?>

If you try to remove it by turning it into a comment, you get this:

<?php
//  $file_contents  = '<?php die(); ?>' . "\n";
?>

Which results in ' . "\n"; (and whatever is in the lines following it) to be output to your HTML page.

The cure is to either comment it out using /* */ tags, or re-write the line as:

<?php
  $file_contents  = '<' . '?php die(); ?' . '>' . "\n";
?>

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sgurukrupa at gmail dot com ¶

10 years ago

Although not specifically pointed out in the main text, escaping from HTML also applies to other control statements:

<?php for ($i = 0; $i < 5; ++$i): ?>
Hello, there!
<?php endfor; ?>

When the above code snippet is executed we get the following output:

Hello, there!
Hello, there!
Hello, there!
Hello, there!