PHP 8.3.4 Released!

sem_get

(PHP 4, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

sem_getセマフォ ID を得る

説明

sem_get(
    int $key,
    int $max_acquire = 1,
    int $permissions = 0666,
    bool $auto_release = true
): SysvSemaphore|false

sem_get() は、 System V セマフォを指定したキーでアクセスするために使用可能な ID を返します。

同じキーで sem_get() を 2 度コールした場合、 別のセマフォ ID が返されます。 しかし、どちらの ID も同じそのセマフォをアクセスします。

key0 を指定すると、 sem_get() が呼び出される度に新しい非公開のセマフォが作られます。

パラメータ

key

max_acquire

同時にセマフォを得ることが可能なプロセス数を max_acquire にセットします。

permissions

セマフォのパーミッション。 実際には、この値はプロセスが現在そのセマフォに付随している 唯一のプロセスであることがわかった場合にのみセットされます。

auto_release

リクエストの終了時に自動的にセマフォを開放するかどうかを指定します。

戻り値

成功した場合に正のセマフォ ID、エラー時には false を返します。

変更履歴

バージョン 説明
8.0.0 成功した時、 この関数は SysvSemaphore クラスのインスタンスを返すようになりました。 これより前のバージョンでは、リソースが返されていました。
8.0.0 auto_release の型が int から bool に変更されました

注意

警告

PHP 以外のところで作られたセマフォに sem_get() でアクセスするときには、 3 つのセマフォのセットとして作ったものでなければいけないことに注意しましょう (たとえば、C の semget() 関数で作るなら、nsems に 3 を指定します)。 そうしないと、PHP からそのセマフォにアクセスできなくなります。

参考

  • sem_acquire() - セマフォを得る
  • sem_release() - セマフォを解放する
  • ftok() - パス名とプロジェクト ID を、System V IPC キーに変換する

add a note

User Contributed Notes 10 notes

up
12
soger
12 years ago
Actually it looks like the semaphore is automatically released not on request shutdown but when the variable you store it's resource ID is freed. That is a very big difference.
up
6
kakkau at grr dot la
7 years ago
It is possible to create an "infinite" amount of semaphores when setting $key = 0.

Run sem_get multiple times
php > sem_get(0,0);

and check the output of
$ ipcs -s

------ Semaphore Arrays --------
key semid owner perms nsems
0x00000000 1277952 user 666 3
0x00000000 1310721 user 666 3

As you can see there were multiple semaphores set up with key 0.
For any other integer sem_get works as expected. It returns another resource id pointing to the semaphore previously created and does not create another semaphore.
up
1
kakkau at grr dot la
8 years ago
For those that encounter strange behavior in using sem_acquire() on resources generated by sem_get(). Have a look at sem_get()'s 4th parameter auto_release. It allows multiple acquisitions through reassignments to resource variables.

./multi.acquire.php
<?php
class Sem {
private
$key = null;
private
$res = null;
public function
__construct() {
$this->key = ftok(".",".");
$this->set_res();
$this->acquire();
}
public function
set_res() {
// 4th parameter auto_released is 1 by default
$this->res = sem_get($this->key, 1, 0600, 1);
}
public function
acquire() {
echo
"acquired='".sem_acquire($this->res,true)."'\n";
}
}

$s = new Sem();
$s->set_res();
$s->acquire();

?>

$ php multi.acquire.php
acquired='1'
acquired='1'

To avoid reacquiring by default set sem_get()'s parameter auto_release to 0 or check if your resource variable is already set, e.g. by using is_null().
up
2
Dan East
3 years ago
Note that the default permissions parameter is octal! Thus the default of 0666 is NOT the same as 666, or 0x666.

If you specify the permission as decimal 666 then you end up with permissions that prevent the semaphore from being read. The symptom is that you can only sem_get it once, and subsequent sem_get will fail (until you ipcrm or sem_remove it and delete it entirely).

Thus these are all equivalent to the default:
sem_get ( 123, 1, 0666)
sem_get ( 123, 1, 438)
sem_get ( 123, 1, 0x1b6)

Most PHP developers (myself included) work with octal numbers so infrequently that the number 0666 can easily be mistaken as 666 or maybe 0x666.
up
1
Michael Z.
12 years ago
Watch out when you use fileinode() to get a unique semaphore key (as suggested in some comment on this or a related function) in conjunction with version control software: It seems, for example, SVN will change the inode. Using such a file will leave you with your mutex not working reliably and your system's semaphore pool being filled until further attempts to get a semaphore will fail. Use ipcs and ipcrm commands from linux-util-ng (on most distros probably) to examine/fix related problems.
up
1
neofutur
17 years ago
with gentoo php5 you will need to add the USE flag :
sysvipc

see :
http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-464175-highlight-semget+php.html

and also :
http://overlays.gentoo.org/proj/php/
up
1
joeldg at listbid.com
20 years ago
<?
// thanks to
// http://www.ecst.csuchico.edu/~beej/guide/ipc/shmem.html
$SHM_KEY = ftok("/home/joeldg/homeymail/shmtest.php", 'R');
$shmid = sem_get($SHM_KEY, 1024, 0644 | IPC_CREAT);
$data = shm_attach($shmid, 1024);

$data = "test";
printf("shared contents: %s\n", $data);

shm_detach($data);
?>
up
0
joeldg AT listbid.com
20 years ago
Heh, actually the above comment I added is not technically correct, it was more of an idea to display the function.

$SHM_KEY = ftok("/home/joeldg/homeymail/shmtest.php", 'R');
$shmid = sem_get($SHM_KEY, 1024, 0644 | IPC_CREAT);
$data = shm_attach($shmid, 1024);
// we now have our shm segment

// lets place a variable in there
shm_put_var ($data, $inmem, "test");
// now lets get it back. we could be in a forked process and still have
// access to this variable.
printf("shared contents: %s\n", shm_get_var($data, $inmem));

shm_detach($data);
up
-1
ein at anti-logic dot com
16 years ago
Be aware that there is no way to ensure that you have exclusive access to a lock, despite setting max_acquire=1.

In example,
<?
$fp = sem_get(fileinode('lock_file', 100);
sem_acquire($fp);

$fp2 = sem_get(fileinode('lock_file', 1);
sem_acquire($fp2);
?>

This will not block on the second sem_aquire. Therefore, if you have functions or processes that utilize shared locks (>1 max_acquire) you will still need to provide a seperate lock mechanism (ie flock) for write access, making the sem_ functions useless.

Some more info, in flock, each reference to the lock file has it's own options (can be shared exclusive blocking non blocking etc), but apparently php's sem functions only support these options per semaphore, not per semaphore-reference.
up
-5
cyrus dot drive at gmail dot com
15 years ago
Implementation of a read-write semaphore in PHP:

<?php
class rw_semaphore {

const
READ_ACCESS = 0;
const
WRITE_ACCESS = 1;

/**
* @access private
* @var resource - mutex semaphore
*/
private $mutex;

/**
* @access private
* @var resource - read/write semaphore
*/
private $resource;

/**
* @access private
* @var int
*/
private $writers = 0;

/**
* @access private
* @var int
*/
private $readers = 0;

/**
* Default constructor
*
* Initialize the read/write semaphore
*/
public function __construct() {
$mutex_key = ftok('/home/cyrus/development/php/sysvipc/rw_semaphore.php', 'm');
$resource_key = ftok('/home/cyrus/development/php/sysvipc/rw_semaphore.php', 'r');
$this->mutex = sem_get($mutex_key, 1);
$this->resource = sem_get($resource_key, 1);
}

/**
* Destructor
*
* Remove the read/write semaphore
*/
public function __destruct() {
sem_remove($this->mutex);
sem_remove($this->resource);
}

/**
* Request acess to the resource
*
* @param int $mode
* @return void
*/
private function request_access($access_type = self::READ_ACCESS) {
if (
$access_type == self::WRITE_ACCESS) {
sem_acquire($this->mutex);

/* update the writers counter */
$this->writers++;

sem_release($this->mutex);
sem_acquire($this->resource);
} else {
sem_acquire($this->mutex);
if (
$this->writers > 0 || $this->readers == 0) {
sem_release($this->mutex);
sem_acquire($this->resource);
sem_acquire($this->mutex);
}
/* update the readers counter */
$this->readers++;

sem_release($this->mutex);
}
}

private function
request_release($access_type = self::READ_ACCESS) {
if (
$access_type == self::WRITE_ACCESS) {
sem_acquire($this->mutex);

/* update the writers counter */
$this->writers--;

sem_release($this->mutex);
sem_release($this->resource);
} else {
sem_acquire($this->mutex);

/* update the readers counter */
$this->readers--;

if (
$this->readers == 0)
sem_release($this->resource);

sem_release($this->mutex);
}
}

/**
* Request read access to the resource
*
* @return void
*/
public function read_access() { $this->request_access(self::READ_ACCESS); }

/**
* Release read access to the resource
*
* @return void
*/
public function read_release() { $this->request_release(self::READ_ACCESS); }

/**
* Request write access to the resource
*
* @return void
*/
public function write_access() { $this->request_access(self::WRITE_ACCESS); }

/**
* Release write access to the resource
*
* @return void
*/
public function write_release() { $this->request_release(self::WRITE_ACCESS); }

}
?>
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