iconv

(PHP 4 >= 4.0.5, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

iconv — ある文字エンコーディングの文字列を、別の文字エンコーディングに変換する

説明

iconv(string $from_encoding, string $to_encoding, string $string): string|false

文字列 string の文字セットを from_encoding から to_encoding に変換します。

パラメータ

from_encoding

string の解釈に使われる文字セット。

to_encoding

変換したいエンコーディング。

文字列 //TRANSLIT を to_encoding に追加すると、翻字機能が有効になります。これは、指定された文字集合で表せない文字を、見た目の似ている別の文字に置き換える機能です。文字列 //IGNORE を追加すると、指定された文字集合で表せない文字は黙って切り捨てられます。それ以外の場合は E_NOTICE が発生し、この関数は false を返します。

警告

//TRANSLIT が機能したとしたら、どう動くかはシステムの iconv() の実装 (ICONV_IMPL を参照) に依存します。実装によっては、//TRANSLIT を無視することが知られています。よって、to_encoding において無効な文字に対しては、変換処理は失敗するかもしれません。

string

変換する文字列。

戻り値

変換された文字列を返します。失敗した場合に false を返します。

例

例1 iconv() の例

<?php
$text = "This is the Euro symbol '?'.";

echo 'Original : ', $text, PHP_EOL;
echo 'TRANSLIT : ', iconv("UTF-8", "ISO-8859-1//TRANSLIT", $text), PHP_EOL;
echo 'IGNORE   : ', iconv("UTF-8", "ISO-8859-1//IGNORE", $text), PHP_EOL;
echo 'Plain    : ', iconv("UTF-8", "ISO-8859-1", $text), PHP_EOL;

?>

上の例の出力は、たとえば以下のようになります。

Original : This is the Euro symbol '?'.
TRANSLIT : This is the Euro symbol 'EUR'.
IGNORE   : This is the Euro symbol ''.
Plain    :
Notice: iconv(): Detected an illegal character in input string in .\iconv-example.php on line 7

注意

注意:
文字エンコーディングと、指定できるオプションは、インストールされている iconv の実装に依存します。 from_encoding や to_encoding が現在のシステムでサポートされていない場合は、 false を返します。

参考

mb_convert_encoding() - ある文字エンコーディングの文字列を、別の文字エンコーディングに変換する
UConverter::transcode() - ある文字エンコーディングから別の文字エンコーディングに文字列を変換する

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User Contributed Notes 39 notes

down

Ritchie ¶

17 years ago

Please note that iconv('UTF-8', 'ASCII//TRANSLIT', ...) doesn't work properly when locale category LC_CTYPE is set to C or POSIX. You must choose another locale otherwise all non-ASCII characters will be replaced with question marks. This is at least true with glibc 2.5.

Example:
<?php
setlocale(LC_CTYPE, 'POSIX');
echo iconv('UTF-8', 'ASCII//TRANSLIT', "Žluťoučký kůň\n");
// ?lu?ou?k? k??

setlocale(LC_CTYPE, 'cs_CZ');
echo iconv('UTF-8', 'ASCII//TRANSLIT', "Žluťoučký kůň\n");
// Zlutoucky kun
?>

down

orrd101 at gmail dot com ¶

12 years ago

The "//ignore" option doesn't work with recent versions of the iconv library.  So if you're having trouble with that option, you aren't alone.  



That means you can't currently use this function to filter invalid characters.  Instead it silently fails and returns an empty string (or you'll get a notice but only if you have E_NOTICE enabled).



This has been a known bug with a known solution for at least since 2009 years but no one seems to be willing to fix it (PHP must pass the -c option to iconv).  It's still broken as of the latest release 5.4.3. 



https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=48147

https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=52211

https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=61484



[UPDATE 15-JUN-2012]

Here's a workaround...



  ini_set('mbstring.substitute_character', "none");

  $text= mb_convert_encoding($text, 'UTF-8', 'UTF-8');



That will strip invalid characters from UTF-8 strings (so that you can insert it into a database, etc.).  Instead of "none" you can also use the value 32 if you want it to insert spaces in place of the invalid characters.

down

daniel dot rhodes at warpasylum dot co dot uk ¶

13 years ago

Interestingly, setting different target locales results in different, yet appropriate, transliterations. For example:

<?php
//some German
$utf8_sentence = 'Weiß, Goldmann, Göbel, Weiss, Göthe, Goethe und Götz';

//UK
setlocale(LC_ALL, 'en_GB');

//transliterate
$trans_sentence = iconv('UTF-8', 'ASCII//TRANSLIT', $utf8_sentence);

//gives [Weiss, Goldmann, Gobel, Weiss, Gothe, Goethe und Gotz]
//which is our original string flattened into 7-bit ASCII as
//an English speaker would do it (ie. simply remove the umlauts)
echo $trans_sentence . PHP_EOL;

//Germany
setlocale(LC_ALL, 'de_DE');

$trans_sentence = iconv('UTF-8', 'ASCII//TRANSLIT', $utf8_sentence);

//gives [Weiss, Goldmann, Goebel, Weiss, Goethe, Goethe und Goetz]
//which is exactly how a German would transliterate those
//umlauted characters if forced to use 7-bit ASCII!
//(because really ä = ae, ö = oe and ü = ue)
echo $trans_sentence . PHP_EOL;

?>

down

annuaireehtp at gmail dot com ¶

15 years ago

to test different combinations of convertions between charsets (when we don't know the source charset and what is the convenient destination charset) this is an example :



<?php

$tab = array("UTF-8", "ASCII", "Windows-1252", "ISO-8859-15", "ISO-8859-1", "ISO-8859-6", "CP1256");

$chain = "";

foreach ($tab as $i)

    {

        foreach ($tab as $j)

        {

            $chain .= " $i$j ".iconv($i, $j, "$my_string");

        }

    }



echo $chain;

?>



then after displaying, you use the $i$j that shows good displaying.

NB: you can add other charsets to $tab  to test other cases.

down

Daniel Klein ¶

5 years ago

If you want to convert to a Unicode encoding without the byte order mark (BOM), add the endianness to the encoding, e.g. instead of "UTF-16" which will add a BOM to the start of the string, use "UTF-16BE" which will convert the string without adding a BOM.

i.e.

<?php
iconv('CP1252', 'UTF-16', $text); // with BOM
iconv('CP1252', 'UTF-16BE', $text); // without BOM

down

zhawari at hotmail dot com ¶

19 years ago

Here is how to convert UCS-2 numbers to UTF-8 numbers in hex:



<?php

function ucs2toutf8($str)

{

        for ($i=0;$i<strlen($str);$i+=4)

        {

                $substring1 = $str[$i].$str[$i+1];

                $substring2 = $str[$i+2].$str[$i+3];

 

                if ($substring1 == "00")

                {

                        $byte1 = "";

                        $byte2 = $substring2;

                }

                else

                {

                        $substring = $substring1.$substring2;

                        $byte1 = dechex(192+(hexdec($substring)/64));

                        $byte2 = dechex(128+(hexdec($substring)%64));

                }

                $utf8 .= $byte1.$byte2;

        }

        return $utf8;

}

 

echo strtoupper(ucs2toutf8("06450631062D0020"));



?>



Input:

06450631062D

Output:

D985D8B1D8AD



regards,

Ziyad

down

jessiedeer at hotmail dot com ¶

11 years ago

iconv with //IGNORE works as expected: it will skip the character if this one does not exist in the $out_charset encoding.

If a character is missing from the $in_charset encoding (eg byte \x81 from CP1252 encoding), then iconv will return an error, whether with //IGNORE or not.

down

manuel at kiessling dot net ¶

15 years ago

Like many other people, I have encountered massive problems when using iconv() to convert between encodings (from UTF-8 to ISO-8859-15 in my case), especially on large strings.

The main problem here is that when your string contains illegal UTF-8 characters, there is no really straight forward way to handle those. iconv() simply (and silently!) terminates the string when encountering the problematic characters (also if using //IGNORE), returning a clipped string. The

<?php

$newstring = html_entity_decode(htmlentities($oldstring, ENT_QUOTES, 'UTF-8'), ENT_QUOTES , 'ISO-8859-15');

?>

workaround suggested here and elsewhere will also break when encountering illegal characters, at least dropping a useful note ("htmlentities(): Invalid multibyte sequence in argument in...")

I have found a lot of hints, suggestions and alternative methods (it's scary and in my opinion no good sign how many ways PHP natively provides to convert the encoding of strings), but none of them really worked, except for this one:

<?php

$newstring = mb_convert_encoding($oldstring, 'ISO-8859-15', 'UTF-8');

?>

down

jorortega at gmail dot com ¶

11 years ago

Be aware that iconv in PHP uses system implementations of locales and languages, what works under linux, normally doesn't in windows.

Also, you may notice that recent versions of linux (debian, ubuntu, centos, etc) the //TRANSLIT option doesn't work. since most distros doesn't include the intl packages (example: php5-intl and icuxx (where xx is a number) in debian) by default. And this because the intl package conflicts with another package needed for international DNS resolution.

Problem is that configuration is dependent of the sysadmin of the machine where you're hosted, so iconv is pretty much useless by default,  depending on what configuration is used by your distro or the machine's admin.

down

Leigh Morresi ¶

16 years ago

If you are getting question-marks in your iconv output when transliterating, be sure to 'setlocale' to something your system supports.

Some PHP CMS's will default setlocale to 'C', this can be a problem.

use the "locale" command to find out a list..

$ locale -a
C
en_AU.utf8
POSIX

<?php
  setlocale(LC_CTYPE, 'en_AU.utf8');
  $str = iconv('UTF-8', 'ASCII//TRANSLIT', "Côte d'Ivoire");
?>

down

nikolai-dot-zujev-at-gmail-dot-com ¶

20 years ago

Here is an example how to convert windows-1251 (windows) or cp1251(Linux/Unix) encoded string to UTF-8 encoding.

<?php
function cp1251_utf8( $sInput )
{
    $sOutput = "";

    for ( $i = 0; $i < strlen( $sInput ); $i++ )
    {
        $iAscii = ord( $sInput[$i] );

        if ( $iAscii >= 192 && $iAscii <= 255 )
            $sOutput .=  "&#".( 1040 + ( $iAscii - 192 ) ).";";
        else if ( $iAscii == 168 )
            $sOutput .= "&#".( 1025 ).";";
        else if ( $iAscii == 184 )
            $sOutput .= "&#".( 1105 ).";";
        else
            $sOutput .= $sInput[$i];
    }
    
    return $sOutput;
}
?>

down

gree:.. (gree 4T grees D0T net) ¶

17 years ago

In my case, I had to change:
<?php
setlocale(LC_CTYPE, 'cs_CZ');
?>
to 
<?php
setlocale(LC_CTYPE, 'cs_CZ.UTF-8');
?>
Otherwise it returns question marks.

When I asked my linux for locale (by locale command) it returns "cs_CZ.UTF-8", so there is maybe correlation between it.

iconv (GNU libc) 2.6.1
glibc 2.3.6

down

atelier at degoy dot com ¶

10 years ago

There may be situations when a new version of a web site, all in UTF-8, has to display some old data remaining in the database with ISO-8859-1 accents. The problem is iconv("ISO-8859-1", "UTF-8", $string) should not be applied if $string is already UTF-8 encoded.

I use this function that does'nt need any extension :

function convert_utf8( $string ) { 
    if ( strlen(utf8_decode($string)) == strlen($string) ) {   
        // $string is not UTF-8
        return iconv("ISO-8859-1", "UTF-8", $string);
    } else {
        // already UTF-8
        return $string;
    }
}

 I have not tested it extensively, hope it may help.

down

anton dot vakulchik at gmail dot com ¶

16 years ago

function detectUTF8($string)
{
        return preg_match('%(?:
        [\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]        # non-overlong 2-byte
        |\xE0[\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]               # excluding overlongs
        |[\xE1-\xEC\xEE\xEF][\x80-\xBF]{2}      # straight 3-byte
        |\xED[\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]               # excluding surrogates
        |\xF0[\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]{2}    # planes 1-3
        |[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF]{3}                  # planes 4-15
        |\xF4[\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF]{2}    # plane 16
        )+%xs', $string);
}

function cp1251_utf8( $sInput )
{
    $sOutput = "";

    for ( $i = 0; $i < strlen( $sInput ); $i++ )
    {
        $iAscii = ord( $sInput[$i] );

        if ( $iAscii >= 192 && $iAscii <= 255 )
            $sOutput .=  "&#".( 1040 + ( $iAscii - 192 ) ).";";
        else if ( $iAscii == 168 )
            $sOutput .= "&#".( 1025 ).";";
        else if ( $iAscii == 184 )
            $sOutput .= "&#".( 1105 ).";";
        else
            $sOutput .= $sInput[$i];
    }
    
    return $sOutput;
}

function encoding($string){
    if (function_exists('iconv')) {    
        if (@!iconv('utf-8', 'cp1251', $string)) {
            $string = iconv('cp1251', 'utf-8', $string);
        }
        return $string;
    } else {
        if (detectUTF8($string)) {
            return $string;        
        } else {
            return cp1251_utf8($string);
        }
    }
}
echo encoding($string);

down

phpnet at dariosulser dot ch ¶

5 years ago

ANSI = Windows-1252 = CP1252
So UTF-8 -> ANSI:

<?php
      $string = "Winkel γ=200 für 1€"; //"γ"=HTML:&gamma;
      $result = iconv('UTF-8', 'CP1252//IGNORE', $string);
      echo $result;
?>

Note1
<?php
      $string = "Winkel γ=200 für 1€";
      $result = iconv('UTF-8', 'CP1252', $string);
      echo $result; //"conv(): Detected an illegal character in input string"
?>

Note2 (ANSI is better than decode in ISO 8859-1 (ISO-8859-1==Latin-1)
<?php
      $string = "Winkel γ=200 für 1€";
      $result = utf8_decode($string);
      echo $result; //"Winkel ?=200 für 1?"
?>

Note3 of used languages on Websites:
93.0% = UTF-8;
3.5% = Latin-1; 
0.6% = ANSI <----- you shoud use (or utf-8 if your page is in Chinese or has Maths)

down

ameten ¶

13 years ago

I have used iconv to convert from cp1251 into UTF-8. I spent a day to investigate why a string with Russian capital 'Р' (sounds similar to 'r') at the end cannot be inserted into a database.

The problem is not in iconv. But 'Р' in cp1251 is chr(208) and 'Р' in UTF-8 is chr(208).chr(106). chr(106) is one of the space symbol which match '\s' in regex. So, it can be taken by a greedy '+' or '*' operator. In that case, you loose 'Р' in your string.

For example, 'ГР   ' (Russian, UTF-8). Function preg_match. Regex is '(.+?)[\s]*'. Then '(.+?)' matches 'Г'.chr(208) and '[\s]*' matches chr(106).'   '.

Although, it is not a bug of iconv, but it looks like it very much. That's why I put this comment here.

down

nilcolor at gmail dot coom ¶

19 years ago

Didn't know its a feature or not but its works for me (PHP 5.0.4)

iconv('', 'UTF-8', $str)

test it to convert from windows-1251 (stored in DB) to UTF-8 (which i use for web pages).
BTW i convert each array i fetch from DB with array_walk_recursive...

down

jessie at hotmail dot com ¶

11 years ago

Provided that there is no invalid code point in the character chain for the input encoding, the //IGNORE option works as expected. No bug here.

down

Nopius ¶

9 years ago

As orrd101 said, there is a bug with //IGNORE in recent PHP versions (we use 5.6.5) where we couldn't convert some strings (i.e. "∙" from UTF8 to CP1251 with //IGNORE). 
But we have found a workaround and now we use both //TRANSLIT and //IGNORE flags:
$text="∙";
iconv("UTF8", "CP1251//TRANSLIT//IGNORE", $text);

down

ng4rrjanbiah at rediffmail dot com ¶

20 years ago

Here is a code to convert ISO 8859-1 to UTF-8 and vice versa without using iconv.

<?php
//Logic from http://twiki.org/cgi-bin/view/Codev/InternationalisationUTF8
$str_iso8859_1 = 'foo in ISO 8859-1';
//ISO 8859-1 to UTF-8
$str_utf8 = preg_replace("/([\x80-\xFF])/e", 
            "chr(0xC0|ord('\\1')>>6).chr(0x80|ord('\\1')&0x3F)",
             $str_iso8859_1);
//UTF-8 to ISO 8859-1
$str_iso8859_1 = preg_replace("/([\xC2\xC3])([\x80-\xBF])/e", 
                "chr(ord('\\1')<<6&0xC0|ord('\\2')&0x3F)",
                 $str_utf8);
?>

HTH,
R. Rajesh Jeba Anbiah

down

rasmus at mindplay dot dk ¶

10 years ago

Note an important difference between iconv() and mb_convert_encoding() - if you're working with strings, as opposed to files, you most likely want mb_convert_encoding() and not iconv(), because iconv() will add a byte-order marker to the beginning of (for example) a UTF-32 string when converting from e.g. ISO-8859-1, which can throw off all your subsequent calculations and operations on the resulting string.

In other words, iconv() appears to be intended for use when converting the contents of files - whereas mb_convert_encoding() is intended for use when juggling strings internally, e.g. strings that aren't being read/written to/from files, but exchanged with some other media.

down

zhawari at hotmail dot com ¶

19 years ago

Here is how to convert UTF-8 numbers to UCS-2 numbers in hex:

<?php
 
function utf8toucs2($str)
{
       for ($i=0;$i<strlen($str);$i+=2)
       {
                $substring1 = $str[$i].$str[$i+1];  
                $substring2 = $str[$i+2].$str[$i+3]; 
               
                if (hexdec($substring1) < 127)
                        $results = "00".$str[$i].$str[$i+1];
                else
                {
                        $results = dechex((hexdec($substring1)-192)*64 + (hexdec($substring2)-128));
                        if ($results < 1000) $results = "0".$results; 
                        $i+=2;
                }
                $ucs2 .= $results;
        }
        return $ucs2;
}
 
echo strtoupper(utf8toucs2("D985D8B1D8AD"))."\n";
echo strtoupper(utf8toucs2("456725"))."\n";
 
?>

Input:
D985D8B1D8AD
Output:
06450631062D

Input:
456725
Output:
004500670025

down

vitek at 4rome dot ru ¶

20 years ago

On some systems there may be no such function as iconv(); this is due to the following reason: a constant is defined named `iconv` with the value `libiconv`. So, the string PHP_FUNCTION(iconv) transforms to PHP_FUNCTION(libiconv), and you have to call libiconv() function instead of iconv().
I had seen this on FreeBSD, but I am sure that was a rather special build.
If you'd want not to be dependent on this behaviour, add the following to your script:
<?php
if (!function_exists('iconv') && function_exists('libiconv')) {
    function iconv($input_encoding, $output_encoding, $string) {
        return libiconv($input_encoding, $output_encoding, $string);
    }
}
?>
Thanks to tony2001 at phpclub.net for explaining this behaviour.

down

mightye at gmail dot com ¶

17 years ago

To strip bogus characters from your input (such as data from an unsanitized or other source which you can't trust to necessarily give you strings encoded according to their advertised encoding set), use the same character set as both the input and the output, with //IGNORE on the output charcter set.
<?php
// assuming '†' is actually UTF8, htmlentities will assume it's iso-8859  
// since we did not specify in the 3rd argument of htmlentities.
// This generates "&acirc;[bad utf-8 character]"
// If passed to any libxml, it will generate a fatal error.
$badUTF8 = htmlentities('†');

// iconv() can ignore characters which cannot be encoded in the target character set
$goodUTF8 = iconv("utf-8", "utf-8//IGNORE", $badUTF8);
?>
The result of the example does not give you back the dagger character which was the original input (it got lost when htmlentities was misused to encode it incorrectly, though this is common from people not accustomed to dealing with extended character sets), but it does at least give you data which is sane in your target character set.

down

Daniel Klein ¶

8 years ago

I just found out today that the Windows and *NIX versions of PHP use different iconv libraries and are not very consistent with each other.

Here is a repost of my earlier code that now works on more systems. It converts as much as possible and replaces the rest with question marks:

<?php
if (!function_exists('utf8_to_ascii')) {
  setlocale(LC_CTYPE, 'en_AU.utf8');
  if (@iconv("UTF-8", "ASCII//IGNORE//TRANSLIT", 'é') === false) {
    // PHP is probably using the glibc library (*NIX)
    function utf8_to_ascii($text) {
      return iconv("UTF-8", "ASCII//TRANSLIT", $text);
    }
  }
  else {
    // PHP is probably using the libiconv library (Windows)
    function utf8_to_ascii($text) {
      if (is_string($text)) {
        // Includes combinations of characters that present as a single glyph
        $text = preg_replace_callback('/\X/u', __FUNCTION__, $text);
      }
      elseif (is_array($text) && count($text) == 1 && is_string($text[0])) {
        // IGNORE characters that can't be TRANSLITerated to ASCII
        $text = iconv("UTF-8", "ASCII//IGNORE//TRANSLIT", $text[0]);
        // The documentation says that iconv() returns false on failure but it returns ''
        if ($text === '' || !is_string($text)) {
          $text = '?';
        }
        elseif (preg_match('/\w/', $text)) {        // If the text contains any letters...
          $text = preg_replace('/\W+/', '', $text); // ...then remove all non-letters
        }
      }
      else {  // $text was not a string
        $text = '';
      }
      return $text;
    }
  }
}

down

anyean at gmail dot com ¶

19 years ago

<?php
//script from http://zizi.kxup.com/
//javascript unesape
function unescape($str) {
  $str = rawurldecode($str);
  preg_match_all("/(?:%u.{4})|&#x.{4};|&#\d+;|.+/U",$str,$r);
  $ar = $r[0];
print_r($ar);
  foreach($ar as $k=>$v) {
    if(substr($v,0,2) == "%u")
      $ar[$k] = iconv("UCS-2","UTF-8",pack("H4",substr($v,-4)));
    elseif(substr($v,0,3) == "&#x")
      $ar[$k] = iconv("UCS-2","UTF-8",pack("H4",substr($v,3,-1)));
    elseif(substr($v,0,2) == "&#") {
echo substr($v,2,-1)."<br>";
      $ar[$k] = iconv("UCS-2","UTF-8",pack("n",substr($v,2,-1)));
    }
  }
  return join("",$ar);
}
?>

down

kikke ¶

15 years ago

You can use native iconv in Linux via passthru if all else failed.
Use the -c parameter to suppress error messages.

down

phpmanualspam at netebb dot com ¶

15 years ago

mirek code, dated 16-May-2008 10:17, added the characters `^~'" to the output.
This function will strip out these extra characters:
<?php
setlocale(LC_ALL, 'en_US.UTF8');
function clearUTF($s)
{
    $r = '';
    $s1 = @iconv('UTF-8', 'ASCII//TRANSLIT', $s);
    $j = 0;
    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($s1); $i++) {
        $ch1 = $s1[$i];
        $ch2 = @mb_substr($s, $j++, 1, 'UTF-8');
        if (strstr('`^~\'"', $ch1) !== false) {
            if ($ch1 <> $ch2) {
                --$j;
                continue;
            }
        }
        $r .= ($ch1=='?') ? $ch2 : $ch1;
    }
    return $r;
}
?>

down

Daniel Klein ¶

11 years ago

You can use 'CP1252' instead of 'Windows-1252':
<?php
// These two lines are equivalent
$result = iconv('Windows-1252', 'UTF-8', $string);
$result = iconv('CP1252', 'UTF-8', $string);
?>
Note: The following code points are not valid in CP1252 and will cause errors.
129 (0x81)
141 (0x8D)
143 (0x8F)
144 (0x90)
157 (0x9D)
Use the following instead:
<?php
// Remove invalid code points, convert everything else
$result = iconv('CP1252', 'UTF-8//IGNORE', $string);
?>

down

chicopeste at gmail dot com ¶

11 years ago

iconv also support CP850.
I used iconv("CP850", "UTF-8//TRANSLIT", $var);
to convert from SQL_Latin1_General_CP850_CI_AI to UTF-8.

down

Locoluis ¶

18 years ago

The following are Microsoft encodings that are based on ISO-8859 but with the addition of those stupid control characters.

CP1250 is Eastern European (not ISO-8859-2)
CP1251 is Cyrillic (not ISO-8859-5)
CP1252 is Western European (not ISO-8859-1)
CP1253 is Greek (not ISO-8859-7)
CP1254 is Turkish (not ISO-8859-9)
CP1255 is Hebrew (not ISO-8859-8)
CP1256 is Arabic (not ISO-8859-6)
CP1257 is Baltic (not ISO-8859-4)

If you know you're getting input from a Windows machine with those encodings, use one of these as a parameter to iconv.

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Anonymous ¶

14 years ago

For text with special characters such as (é) &eacute; which appears at 0xE9 in the ISO-8859-1 and at 0x82 in IBM-850. The correct output character set is 'IBM850' as:
('ISO-8859-1', 'IBM850', 'Québec')

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Andries Seutens ¶

15 years ago

When doing transliteration, you have to make sure that your LC_COLLATE is properly set, otherwise the default POSIX will be used.

To transform "rené" into "rene" we could use the following code snippet:

<?php

setlocale(LC_CTYPE, 'nl_BE.utf8');

$string = 'rené';
$string = iconv('UTF-8', 'ASCII//TRANSLIT', $string);

echo $string; // outputs rene

?>

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vb (at) bertola.eu ¶

14 years ago

On my system, according to tests, and also as reported by other people elsewhere, you can combine TRANSLIT and IGNORE only by appending

//IGNORE//TRANSLIT

strictly in that order, but NOT by appending //TRANSLIT//IGNORE, which would lead to //IGNORE being ignored ( :) ).

Anyway, it's hard to understand how one could devise a system of passing options that does not allow to couple both options in a neat manner, and also to understand why the default behaviour should be the less useful and most dangerous one (throwing away most of your data at the first unexpected character). Software design FAIL :-/

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berserk220 at mail dot ru ¶

16 years ago

So, as iconv() does not always work correctly, in most cases, much easier to use htmlentities(). 
Example: <?php $content=htmlentities(file_get_contents("incoming.txt"), ENT_QUOTES, "Windows-1252");  file_put_contents("outbound.txt", html_entity_decode($content, ENT_QUOTES , "utf-8")); ?>

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mirek at burkon dot org ¶

16 years ago

If you need to strip as many national characters from UTF-8 as possible and keep the rest of input unchanged (i.e. convert whatever can be converted to ASCII and leave the rest), you can do it like this:

<?php
setlocale(LC_ALL, 'en_US.UTF8');

function clearUTF($s)
{
    $r = '';
    $s1 = iconv('UTF-8', 'ASCII//TRANSLIT', $s);
    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($s1); $i++)
    {
        $ch1 = $s1[$i];
        $ch2 = mb_substr($s, $i, 1);

        $r .= $ch1=='?'?$ch2:$ch1;
    }
    return $r;
}

echo clearUTF('Šíleně žluťoučký Vašek úpěl olol! This will remain untranslated: ᾡᾧῘઍિ૮');
//outputs Silene zlutoucky Vasek upel olol! This will remain untranslated: ᾡᾧῘઍિ૮
?>

Just remember you HAVE TO set locale to some unicode encoding to make iconv handle //TRANSLIT correctly!

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admin at iecw dot net ¶

11 years ago

If you want to normalize a filename on Mac OS X, because it is in UTF-8 NFD and you need UTF-8 NFC
(See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode_equivalence#Combining_and_precomposed_characters)
you may use:
<?php
$filename_nfc = iconv("UTF-8-MAC", "UTF-8", $filename_nfd);
?>

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aissam at yahoo dot com ¶

20 years ago

For those who have troubles in displaying UCS-2 data on browser, here's a simple function that convert ucs2 to html unicode entities :

<?php

 function ucs2html($str) {
    $str=trim($str); // if you are reading from file
    $len=strlen($str);
    $html='';
    for($i=0;$i<$len;$i+=2)
        $html.='&#'.hexdec(dechex(ord($str[$i+1])).
                   sprintf("%02s",dechex(ord($str[$i])))).';';
    return($html);
 }
?>

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martin at front of mind dot co dot uk ¶

15 years ago

For transcoding values in an Excel generated CSV the following seems to work:

<?php 
$value = iconv('Windows-1252', 'UTF-8//TRANSLIT', $value);
?>

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