Os filtros de criptografia são especialmente úteis para criptografia de arquivo/stream.
Este recurso tornou-se DEFASADA a partir do PHP 7.1.0. O uso deste recurso é fortemente desencorajado.
Os filtros mcrypt.* e mdecrypt.*
fornecem criptografia e descriptografia simétricas usando libmcrypt.
Ambos os conjuntos de filtros suportam os mesmos algoritmos disponíveis na
extensão mcrypt na forma de
mcrypt.ciphername onde ciphername
é o nome da cifra como seria passado para
mcrypt_module_open().
Os cinco parâmetros de filtros a seguir também estão disponíveis:
| Parâmetro | Obrigatório? | Valor Padrão | Exemplos de Valores |
|---|---|---|---|
| mode | Opcional | cbc | cbc, cfb, ecb, nofb, ofb, stream |
| algorithms_dir | Opcional | ini_get('mcrypt.algorithms_dir') | Localização dos módulos de algoritmos |
| modes_dir | Opcional | ini_get('mcrypt.modes_dir') | Localização dos módulos de modos |
| iv | Obrigatório | N/A | Tipicamente 8, 16 ou 32 bytes de dados binários. Depende da cifra. |
| key | Obrigatório | N/A | Tipicamente 8, 16 ou 32 bytes de dados binários. Depende da cifra. |
Exemplo #1 Criptografar/Descriptografar com Blowfish
<?php
// assume-se que $key foi gerada anteriormente
$iv_size = mcrypt_get_iv_size(MCRYPT_BLOWFISH, MCRYPT_MODE_CBC);
$iv = mcrypt_create_iv($iv_size, MCRYPT_DEV_URANDOM);
$fp = fopen('encrypted-file.enc', 'wb');
fwrite($fp, $iv);
$opts = array('mode'=>'cbc','iv'=>$iv, 'key'=>$key);
stream_filter_append($fp, 'mcrypt.blowfish', STREAM_FILTER_WRITE, $opts);
fwrite($fp, 'mensagem para criptografar');
fclose($fp);
// descriptografar...
$fp = fopen('encrypted-file.enc', 'rb');
$iv = fread($fp, $iv_size = mcrypt_get_iv_size(MCRYPT_BLOWFISH, MCRYPT_MODE_CBC));
$opts = array('mode'=>'cbc','iv'=>$iv, 'key'=>$key);
stream_filter_append($fp, 'mdecrypt.blowfish', STREAM_FILTER_READ, $opts);
$data = rtrim(stream_get_contents($fp)); // retira o null padding
fclose($fp);
echo $data;
?>Exemplo #2 Criptografar arquivo usando CBC AES-128 com HMAC SHA256
<?php
AES_CBC::encryptFile($password, "plaintext.txt", "encrypted.enc");
AES_CBC::decryptFile($password, "encrypted.enc", "decrypted.txt");
class AES_CBC
{
protected static $KEY_SIZES = array('AES-128'=>16,'AES-192'=>24,'AES-256'=>32);
protected static function key_size() { return self::$KEY_SIZES['AES-128']; } // padrão AES-128
public static function encryptFile($password, $input_stream, $aes_filename){
$iv_size = mcrypt_get_iv_size(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_128, MCRYPT_MODE_CBC);
$fin = fopen($input_stream, "rb");
$fc = fopen($aes_filename, "wb+");
if (!empty($fin) && !empty($fc)) {
fwrite($fc, str_repeat("_", 32) ); // placeholder, HMAC SHA256 será usado aqui mais tarde
fwrite($fc, $hmac_salt = mcrypt_create_iv($iv_size, MCRYPT_DEV_URANDOM));
fwrite($fc, $esalt = mcrypt_create_iv($iv_size, MCRYPT_DEV_URANDOM));
fwrite($fc, $iv = mcrypt_create_iv($iv_size, MCRYPT_DEV_URANDOM));
$ekey = hash_pbkdf2("sha256", $password, $esalt, $it=1000, self::key_size(), $raw=true);
$opts = array('mode'=>'cbc', 'iv'=>$iv, 'key'=>$ekey);
stream_filter_append($fc, 'mcrypt.rijndael-128', STREAM_FILTER_WRITE, $opts);
$infilesize = 0;
while (!feof($fin)) {
$block = fread($fin, 8192);
$infilesize+=strlen($block);
fwrite($fc, $block);
}
$block_size = mcrypt_get_block_size(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_128, MCRYPT_MODE_CBC);
$padding = $block_size - ($infilesize % $block_size);//$padding is a number from 1-16
fwrite($fc, str_repeat(chr($padding), $padding) );//perform PKCS7 padding
fclose($fin);
fclose($fc);
$hmac_raw = self::calculate_hmac_after_32bytes($password, $hmac_salt, $aes_filename);
$fc = fopen($aes_filename, "rb+");
fwrite($fc, $hmac_raw);//overwrite placeholder
fclose($fc);
}
}
public static function decryptFile($password, $aes_filename, $out_stream) {
$iv_size = mcrypt_get_iv_size(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_128, MCRYPT_MODE_CBC);
$hmac_raw = file_get_contents($aes_filename, false, NULL, 0, 32);
$hmac_salt = file_get_contents($aes_filename, false, NULL, 32, $iv_size);
$hmac_calc = self::calculate_hmac_after_32bytes($password, $hmac_salt, $aes_filename);
$fc = fopen($aes_filename, "rb");
$fout = fopen($out_stream, 'wb');
if (!empty($fout) && !empty($fc) && self::hash_equals($hmac_raw,$hmac_calc)) {
fread($fc, 32+$iv_size);//skip sha256 hmac and salt
$esalt = fread($fc, $iv_size);
$iv = fread($fc, $iv_size);
$ekey = hash_pbkdf2("sha256", $password, $esalt, $it=1000, self::key_size(), $raw=true);
$opts = array('mode'=>'cbc', 'iv'=>$iv, 'key'=>$ekey);
stream_filter_append($fc, 'mdecrypt.rijndael-128', STREAM_FILTER_READ, $opts);
while (!feof($fc)) {
$block = fread($fc, 8192);
if (feof($fc)) {
$padding = ord($block[strlen($block) - 1]);//assume PKCS7 padding
$block = substr($block, 0, 0-$padding);
}
fwrite($fout, $block);
}
fclose($fout);
fclose($fc);
}
}
private static function hash_equals($str1, $str2) {
if(strlen($str1) == strlen($str2)) {
$res = $str1 ^ $str2;
for($ret=0,$i = strlen($res) - 1; $i >= 0; $i--) $ret |= ord($res[$i]);
return !$ret;
}
return false;
}
private static function calculate_hmac_after_32bytes($password, $hsalt, $filename) {
static $init=0;
$init or $init = stream_filter_register("user-filter.skipfirst32bytes", "FileSkip32Bytes");
$stream = 'php://filter/read=user-filter.skipfirst32bytes/resource=' . $filename;
$hkey = hash_pbkdf2("sha256", $password, $hsalt, $iterations=1000, 24, $raw=true);
return hash_hmac_file('sha256', $stream, $hkey, $raw=true);
}
}
class FileSkip32Bytes extends php_user_filter
{
private $skipped=0;
function filter($in, $out, &$consumed, $closing) {
while ($bucket = stream_bucket_make_writeable($in)) {
$outlen = $bucket->datalen;
if ($this->skipped<32){
$outlen = min($bucket->datalen,32-$this->skipped);
$bucket->data = substr($bucket->data, $outlen);
$bucket->datalen = $bucket->datalen-$outlen;
$this->skipped+=$outlen;
}
$consumed += $outlen;
stream_bucket_append($out, $bucket);
}
return PSFS_PASS_ON;
}
}
class AES_128_CBC extends AES_CBC {
protected static function key_size() { return self::$KEY_SIZES['AES-128']; }
}
class AES_192_CBC extends AES_CBC {
protected static function key_size() { return self::$KEY_SIZES['AES-192']; }
}
class AES_256_CBC extends AES_CBC {
protected static function key_size() { return self::$KEY_SIZES['AES-256']; }
}1) The mcrypt module has been deprecated with PHP 7.1.
What does that mean for the encryption filters?
2) deriving the IV from the secret passphrase seems wrong. This leaks information about the passphrase without need.
3) using md5() for this? Really? hash() has been available since PHP 5.1.2.
4) hashing the passphrase twice does not add any security.
5) using substr() on binary data (why, oh why, is true passed to md5()?) might lead to headaches if mbstring.func_overload is used.The examples on this page should be destroyed with utmost urgency.
Strangely most people will fall over the use of generating the IV and 3DES key using MD5, a weak hash function, e.g. the previous note and CryptoFails blog.
http://www.cryptofails.com/post/70059608390/php-documentation-woes
A password based key derivation function should be used (bcrypt, PBKDF2).
However the use of MD-5 for key derivation however isn't that bad and if the password is strong enough (it usually isn't) then the generated DES ABC key is strong enough even now.
Using an identical IV for each password means that this function directly leaks information about the encrypted file. If the start of two encrypted files is identical then this function will directly leak information. For instance, if the routine encrypts multiple images then the JPEG header would be easily distinguished.
All in all these examples use deprecated routines (mcrypt), deprecated cryptographic functions (MD5 / DES) and then incorrectly perform the actual encryption. Enough reason to destroy them in the first place.