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dns_get_record

(PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

dns_get_record获取指定主机名的 DNS 纪录

说明

dns_get_record(
    string $hostname,
    int $type = DNS_ANY,
    array &$authoritative_name_servers = null,
    array &$additional_records = null,
    bool $raw = false
): array|false

获取指定 hostname 的 DNS 纪录。

参数

hostname

hostname 应该是有效的 DNS 主机名,比如“www.example.com”。可以使用 in-addr.arpa 表示法生成反向查找,但大多数情况下更适合用 gethostbyaddr()

注意:

根据 DNS 标准,邮件地址以 user.host 格式给出(例如:hostmaster.example.com 而不是 hostmaster@example.com),请务必检查此值并在必要时进行修改,然后将其与 mail() 等函数一起使用。

type

默认情况下,dns_get_record() 将会搜索跟 hostname 关联的任何资源记录。要限制查询,可以指定可选的 type 选项。可以是以下之一:DNS_ADNS_CNAMEDNS_HINFO, DNS_CAADNS_MXDNS_NSDNS_PTRDNS_SOADNS_TXTDNS_AAAADNS_SRVDNS_NAPTRDNS_A6DNS_ALLDNS_ANY

注意:

因为不同平台间的 libresolv 存在性能差异,DNS_ANY 不会始终返回每条记录,较慢的 DNS_ALL 会更可靠的收集所有记录。

注意:

Windows:不支持 DNS_CAA。没有实现对 DNS_A6 的支持。

authoritative_name_servers

引用传递,如果给出,将会填充权威名称服务器的资源记录。

additional_records

引用传递,如果给出,将会填充任何附加记录

raw

type 将解释为原始 DNS 类型 ID(不能使用 DNS_* 常量)。返回值包含 data 键,需要手动解析。

返回值

此函数返回由关联数组组成的数组, 或者在失败时返回 false。每个关联数组至少包含以下键:

基础 DNS 属性
属性 含义
host 与其余相关数据引用的 DNS 命名空间中的记录。
class dns_get_record() 仅返回内部类记录,因此参数将始终返回 IN
type 包含记录类型的字符串。其他属性也包含在结果数组中,具体取决于 type 的值。查看下表。
ttl 与此记录相关的 "Time To Live"。 这将不会等于记录的原始 ttl,而是等于原始 ttl 减去自权威名称服务器查询以来经过的时间长度。

根据“type”的不同,出现的关联数组的其它键
类型 额外列
A ip:点分十进制格式的 IPv4。
MX pri:邮件交换器的有优先级。较低的数字有较高的优先级。target:邮件服务器的 FQDN(全称域名)。参阅 dns_get_mx()
CNAME target:该记录在 DNS 命名空间中的 FQDN 别名。
NS target:此主机名的权威名称服务器的 FQDN。
PTR target:此记录指向的 DNS 命名空间中的位置。
TXT txt:跟此记录关联的任意字符串数据。
HINFO cpu:指定此记录引用的机器的 CPU 的 IANA 号。 os:指定此记录引用的机器的操作系统的 IANA 号。 请参阅 IANA 的 » Operating System Names
CAA flags:单字节位字段;目前仅定义了第 0 位,意味着“critical”;其他位保留且应该忽略。tag:CAA 标记名(字母数字的 ASCII 字符串)。value:CAA 标记值(二进制字符串,可以使用子格式)。更多信息参阅:» RFC 6844
SOA mname:资源记录来源的机器的 FQDN。 rname:此域的管理联系人的电子邮件地址。 serial:请求域的此修订的序列号。 refresh:次要名称服务器在更新此域的远程副本时应使用的刷新间隔(秒)。 retry:在刷新失败后等待的时间长度(秒),然后再进行第二次尝试。 expire:在成功刷新之前,次要 DNS 服务器应保留远程副本的最长时间(秒)。 minimum-ttl:客户端可以继续使用 DNS 解析的最短时间(秒), 在此之前应该从服务器请求新的解析。可以被单独的资源记录覆盖。
AAAA ipv6:IPv6 地址
A6 masklen:从 chain 指定的目标继承的长度(以位为单位)。 ipv6:要与 chain 合并的特定记录的地址。 chain:要与 ipv6 数据合并的父记录。
SRV pri:(优先级)应该首先使用最低优先级。 weight:用于加权常见优先级的目标应该随机选择。 targetport:请求服务的主机名和端口。 更多信息参阅:» RFC 2782
NAPTR orderpref:等同于上面的 priweightflagsservicesregexreplacement: 由 » RFC 2915 定义的参数。

更新日志

版本 说明
7.0.16, 7.1.2 新增对 CAA 记录的支持。

示例

示例 #1 使用 dns_get_record()

<?php
$result
= dns_get_record("php.net");
print_r($result);
?>

以上示例的输出类似于:

Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [host] => php.net
            [type] => MX
            [pri] => 5
            [target] => pair2.php.net
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 6765
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [host] => php.net
            [type] => A
            [ip] => 64.246.30.37
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 8125
        )

)

示例 #2 使用 dns_get_record() 和 DNS_ANY

一旦解析了 MX 记录,通常需要邮件服务器的 IP 地址,因此 dns_get_record() 还会在 additional_records 中返回包含关联记录的数组。authoritative_name_servers 也会返回,包含权威名称服务器列表。

<?php
/* 为 php.net 请求“ANY”记录,并创建 $authns 和 $addtl 数组,
包含名称服务器列表和任何附加记录列表 */
$result = dns_get_record("php.net", DNS_ANY, $authns, $addtl);
echo
"Result = ";
print_r($result);
echo
"Auth NS = ";
print_r($authns);
echo
"Additional = ";
print_r($addtl);
?>

以上示例的输出类似于:

Result = Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [host] => php.net
            [type] => MX
            [pri] => 5
            [target] => pair2.php.net
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 6765
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [host] => php.net
            [type] => A
            [ip] => 64.246.30.37
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 8125
        )

)
Auth NS = Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [host] => php.net
            [type] => NS
            [target] => remote1.easydns.com
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 10722
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [host] => php.net
            [type] => NS
            [target] => remote2.easydns.com
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 10722
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [host] => php.net
            [type] => NS
            [target] => ns1.easydns.com
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 10722
        )

    [3] => Array
        (
            [host] => php.net
            [type] => NS
            [target] => ns2.easydns.com
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 10722
        )

)
Additional = Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [host] => pair2.php.net
            [type] => A
            [ip] => 216.92.131.5
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 6766
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [host] => remote1.easydns.com
            [type] => A
            [ip] => 64.39.29.212
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 100384
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [host] => remote2.easydns.com
            [type] => A
            [ip] => 212.100.224.80
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 81241
        )

    [3] => Array
        (
            [host] => ns1.easydns.com
            [type] => A
            [ip] => 216.220.40.243
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 81241
        )

    [4] => Array
        (
            [host] => ns2.easydns.com
            [type] => A
            [ip] => 216.220.40.244
            [class] => IN
            [ttl] => 81241
        )

)

参见

添加备注

用户贡献的备注 7 notes

up
29
tobias at herkula dot info
9 years ago
This method has no error handling, it simply puts out "false" and it is impossible to check for NXDOMAIN, SERVFAIL, TIMEOUT or any other error...
up
15
dylan at pow7 dot com
15 years ago
Get more than one type at once like this:
<?php
$dnsr
= dns_get_record('php.net', DNS_A + DNS_NS);
print_r($dnsr);
?>

Using DNS_ALL fails on some domains where DNS_ANY works. I noticed the function getting stuck on the DNS_PTR record, which caused it to return FALSE with this error:
PHP Warning: dns_get_record(): res_nsend() failed in ....

This gets all records except DNS_PTR:
<?php
$dnsr
= dns_get_record('php.net', DNS_ALL - DNS_PTR);
print_r($dnsr);
?>
up
12
NaturalBornCamper
7 years ago
You might have the same problem as me, where testing a non-existent domain will search for a subdomain relative to the domain you are executing from, for example:

// Test with working domain
var_dump( dns_get_record('google.com', DNS_A) );
/* works, returns
Array
(
[host] => google.com
[class] => IN
[ttl] => 299
[type] => A
[ip] => 172.217.12.142
)
*/

// Test with invalid domain on our website (example.com)
var_dump( dns_get_record('invalidtestingname.com', DNS_A) );
/* Doesn't work, pretend it's a subdomain
Array
(
[host] => invalidtestingname.com.example.com
[class] => IN
[ttl] => 299
[type] => A
[ip] => xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
)
*/

If anyone has that problem, add a "dot" at the end of the domain name, for example, instead of
dns_get_record('invalidtestingname.com', DNS_A);
Do this:
dns_get_record('invalidtestingname.com.', DNS_A);
up
13
PHP Joe
11 years ago
Although this works very well for general DNS queries if you want to do a direct DNS query to a specified DNS server (rather than using OS resolution) try PHPDNS: http://www.purplepixie.org/phpdns/

You can do direct (TCP or UDP) low-level queries to a nameserver and recurse at will. Very useful for testing specific servers and also for walking through a recursive resolution.
up
3
heinjan at eendrachtstraat dot nl
8 years ago
Please note that Firewalls and anti malware software detects (and depending on company policies even blocks) DNS_ANY requests.
In that case the usage of this function fails.
This is because DNS_ANY requests can be exploited for creating "amplification (D)DOS attackes": You send 1 DNS_ANY request and get a huge amount of information back, thus even small requests can result into hugh network load.

I advise to use a more explicit name-request instead of using DNS_ANY.
up
1
ohcc at 163 dot com
7 years ago
When I use DNS_ALL as the second parameter to invoke dns_get_record() on the OS of Windows, PHP emits a warning with the message "Warning: dns_get_record(): Type '251721779' not supported in blah.php on line blah", and DNS_ANY is always OKAY.
up
1
bohwaz
2 years ago
Sadly this method does not allow for using an arbitrary nameserver.

If you need to make a request using a specific DNS server, you'll need to use either Pear/Net_DNS2, or libdns ( https://github.com/DaveRandom/LibDNS ).

If you want something shorter and lighter, you can also use this 150 lines function: https://gist.github.com/bohwaz/ddc61c4f7e031c3221a89981e70b830c
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