PHP: 可变函数

可变函数

PHP 支持可变函数的概念。这意味着如果一个变量名后有圆括号，PHP 将寻找与变量的值同名的函数，并且尝试执行它。可变函数可以用来实现包括回调函数，函数表在内的一些用途。

可变函数不能用于例如 echo，print，unset()，isset()，empty()，include，require 以及类似的语言结构。需要使用自己的包装函数来将这些结构用作可变函数。

示例 #1 可变函数示例

<?php
function foo() {
    echo "In foo()<br />\n";
}

function bar($arg = '')
{
    echo "In bar(); argument was '$arg'.<br />\n";
}

// 使用 echo 的包装函数
function echoit($string)
{
    echo $string;
}

$func = 'foo';
$func();        // 调用 foo()

$func = 'bar';
$func('test');  // 调用 bar()

$func = 'echoit';
$func('test');  // 调用 echoit()
?>

也可以用可变函数的语法来调用一个对象的方法。

示例 #2 可变方法范例

<?php
class Foo
{
    function Variable()
    {
        $name = 'Bar';
        $this->$name(); // 调用 Bar() 方法
    }

    function Bar()
    {
        echo "This is Bar";
    }
}

$foo = new Foo();
$funcname = "Variable";
$foo->$funcname();  // 调用 $foo->Variable()

?>

当调用静态方法时，函数调用要比静态属性优先：

示例 #3 Variable 方法和静态属性示例

<?php
class Foo
{
    static $variable = 'static property';
    static function Variable()
    {
        echo 'Method Variable called';
    }
}

echo Foo::$variable; // 打印 'static property'。在该作用域中需要 $variable。
$variable = "Variable";
Foo::$variable();  // 在该作用域中读取 $variable 调用 $foo->Variable()。

?>

示例 #4 复杂调用

<?php
class Foo
{
    static function bar()
    {
        echo "bar\n";
    }
    function baz()
    {
        echo "baz\n";
    }
}

$func = array("Foo", "bar");
$func(); // 打印 "bar"
$func = array(new Foo, "baz");
$func(); // 打印 "baz"
$func = "Foo::bar";
$func(); // 打印 "bar"
?>

参见

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niemans at pbsolo dot nl ¶

5 years ago

While the documentation suggests that the use of a constant is similar to the use of a variable, there is an exception regarding variable functions. You cannot use a constant as the function name to call a variable function.

const DEBUGME ='func';
function func($s) { echo $s. "\n"; }

DEBUGME('abc');  // results in a syntax error

$call = DEBUGME;
$call('abc');          // does the job

But you can use a constant as an argument to a function. Here's a simple workaround when you need to call a variable constant function: 

function dynamic($what, $with)
   {
     $what($with);
   }
dynamic(DEBUGME, 'abc'); 

This makes sense to me to hide API's and/or long (complicated) static calls.
Enjoy!

down

rnealxp at yahoo dot com ¶

4 years ago

<?php
/*
You might have found yourself at this php variable functions page because, like me, you wanted to pass functions
around like objects to client objects as you can in JavaScript. The issue I ran into was although
I could call a function using a variable like this " $v(); "...I could not do it like this " $obj->p() " where
'p' is a property containing the name of the method to call. Did not want to save my property off to a variable prior
to making my call: " $v = $obj->p; $v(); "; even if one finds a way, the below applies...

I credit this expanded work to this person: tatarynowicz at gmail dot com;
without them I would not have gotten here.
*/
interface iface_dynamic_members{
    //Use of this interface enables type-hinting for objects that implement it.
    public function __call($name, $args);
    public function __set($name, $value);
    public function quietly_fail():bool;
}
trait trait_has_dynamic_members{
    //Implementing these magic methods in the form of a trait, frees the client object up
    //so it can still inherit from a parent-class.
    public function __call($name, $args) {
        if (is_callable($this->$name)) {
            return call_user_func($this->$name, $args);
        }
        else {
            //Your dynamic-membered object can declare itself as willing to ignore non-existent method calls or not.
            if($this->quietly_fail()===true){
                echo 'Method does not exist, but I do not mind.';
            }else{
                echo 'Method does not exist, I consider this a bug.';
            }
        }
    }
    public function __set($name, $value) {
        $this->$name = is_callable($value) ? $value->bindTo($this, $this): $value; //Assignment using ternary operator.
    }
}
abstract class MBR_ATTR{
    //A class full of attributes that objects can take on; abstract since not to be instantiated (If I could make it "final" as well, I would).
    public static function is_a_walker(iface_dynamic_members $obj, ?string $walker_type='normal pace'){
        $obj->walker_type = $walker_type;
        $obj->walker_walk = function() {
            return "I am walking {$this->walker_type}.";
        };
    }
    public static function is_a_runner(iface_dynamic_members $obj, string $runner_type){
        $obj->runner_type = $runner_type;
        $obj->runner_run = function() {
            return "I am running {$this->runner_type}.";
        };
        self::is_a_walker($obj); //If can run, also can walk.
    }
}
class cls_partly_dynamic implements iface_dynamic_members{
    use trait_has_dynamic_members;
    public function quietly_fail():bool{
        return true;
    }
}
// Report all errors except E_NOTICE
error_reporting(E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE); //Enable all error-reporting except notices.
//----
//config runner object...
$obj_runner = new cls_partly_dynamic();
MBR_ATTR::is_a_runner($obj_runner, 'fast');
$obj_runner->runner_type = 'a bit slow';
//----
//config walker object...
$obj_walker = new cls_partly_dynamic();
MBR_ATTR::is_a_walker($obj_walker, 'slow');
$obj_walker->walker_type = 'super fast';
//----
//Do stuff...
echo 'walker in action...' . '<br>';
echo $obj_walker->walker_walk() . '<br>';
echo '<br>';
echo 'runner in action...' . '<br>';
echo $obj_runner->walker_walk() . '<br>';
echo $obj_runner->runner_run() . '<br>';
echo $obj_runner->xxx() . '<br>'; //Try calling a non-existent method.
//I would agree that the above approach/technique is not always ideal, particulary due to the loss of code-completion in your
//IDE of choice; I would tend to use this approach for dynamic-programming in response to the user dictating processing steps via a UI.
?>

down

Anonymous ¶

13 years ago

$ wget http://www.php.net/get/php_manual_en.tar.gz/from/a/mirror
$ grep -l "\$\.\.\." php-chunked-xhtml/function.*.html

List of functions that accept variable arguments.
<?php
array_diff_assoc()
array_diff_key()
array_diff_uassoc()
array()
array_intersect_ukey()
array_map()
array_merge()
array_merge_recursive()
array_multisort()
array_push()
array_replace()
array_replace_recursive()
array_unshift()
call_user_func()
call_user_method()
compact()
dba_open()
dba_popen()
echo()
forward_static_call()
fprintf()
fscanf()
httprequestpool_construct()
ibase_execute()
ibase_set_event_handler()
ibase_wait_event()
isset()
list()
maxdb_stmt_bind_param()
maxdb_stmt_bind_result()
mb_convert_variables()
newt_checkbox_tree_add_item()
newt_grid_h_close_stacked()
newt_grid_h_stacked()
newt_grid_v_close_stacked()
newt_grid_v_stacked()
newt_win_choice()
newt_win_entries()
newt_win_menu()
newt_win_message()
newt_win_ternary()
pack()
printf()
register_shutdown_function()
register_tick_function()
session_register()
setlocale()
sprintf()
sscanf()
unset()
var_dump()
w32api_deftype()
w32api_init_dtype()
w32api_invoke_function()
wddx_add_vars()
wddx_serialize_vars()
?>